Time of Troubles and Management Science. New Twists in History

DOI: 10.33917/es-2.188.2023.80-89

The basic reasons for the onset of the Time of Troubles in Russia, associated with inability of the central government to perform their functions, are identified. An important role in instability was played by external organizations, including those that demonstrated a “friendly” attitude towards Russia. Withdrawal of the Fatherland from the Time of Troubles’ instability is connected with the emergence of organizations within it that are capable of realizing the idea of the country’s selfpreservation. The author concludes that the Time of Troubles in Russia came when the three main forces of organizations — owners, managers and the staff (in this case, the “orphan people”) lost their value orientations and did not act as a common front against the interventionists.

References:

1. Volkov V.A., Kuz’min A.G. Smutnoe vremya [Time of Troubles]. Moscow, Algoritm, 2012.

2. Gaidar E. Smuty i instituty [Troubles and Institutions]. Moscow, Algoritm, 2015.

3. Denisov A.V. Smutnoe vremya. Vzglyad inzhenera [Time of Troubles. Engineer’s Perspective]. Moscow, Izd-vo Vorob’ev A.V., 2012.

4. Zinov’ev A. A. Russkaya smuta [Russian Turmoil]. Moscow, Kelvori, 1995.

5. Kurganov A.B. Lyudi Smutnogo vremeni. Istoricheskoe issledovanie [People of the Time of Troubles. Historical Research]. Moscow, AST, 2008.

6. Morozova L.E. Istoriya Rossii. Smutnoe vremya. Pravda i vymysel, svidetel’stva sovremennikov [Russian History. Time of Troubles. Truth and Fiction, Testimonials of Contemporaries]. Moscow, AST, 2011.

7. Pechenev V.A. “Smutnoe vremya” v noveishei istorii (1985–2003). Istoricheskie svidetel’stva i razmyshleniya uchastnika sobytii [“Time of Troubles” in Recent History (1985–2003). Historical Evidence and Reflections of the Events Participant]. Moscow, Norma, 2004.

8. Platonov S.F. Smutnoe vremya. Ocherk istorii vnutrennego krizisa i obshchestvennoi bor’by v Moskovskom gosudarstve XVI i XVII vv. [Time of Troubles. History Essay on the Internal Crisis and Social Struggle in the Moscow State of the XVI and XVII Centuries]. Moscow, AIRO-XXI, 2007; Smutnye vremena nachala XVII–XX stoletii i opyt ikh preodoleniya v istoricheskoi sud’be Rossii: Sb. materialov po itogam Vserossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem. Vladimir, 2–3 noyabrya 2020 g. [Troubled Times at the Beginning of the 17th–20th Centuries and the Experience of Overcoming Them in the Historical Fate of Russia: Collected Materials on the Results of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference with international Participation. Vladimir, November 2–3, 2020]. Vladimir, Tranzit-IKS, 2020.

9. Dvornichenko A.Yu. Smuta kak faktor rossiiskoi istorii [Time of Troubles as a Factor in Russian History]. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo un-ta. Istoriya, 2018, vol. 63, vyp. 3, pp. 679, 682–684.

10. Marchenya P.P., Razin S.Yu. “Smutovedenie” kak “gordiev uzel” rossievedeniya: ot imperii k smute, ot smuty k…? [“Study of Troubles” as a “Gordian Knot” of Russian Studies: From Empire to Troubles, from Troubles to…?]. Rossiya i sovremennyi mir, 2010, no 4, pp. 50.

11. Chernikova T.V. Moskovskoe tsarstvo i evropeiskie “novshestva” v nachale smutnogo vremeni [Moscow Kingdom and European “Innovations” at the Beginning of the Time of Troubles]. Vestnik MGIMO-Universiteta, 2016, no 1(46), p. 19.

12. Shirokova G.V. Osnovnye napravleniya issledovanii v teorii zhiznennogo tsikla organizatsii [Main Areas of Research in the Theory of the Organization’s Life Cycle]. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Menedzhment, 2006, no 2, pp. 28, 29.

13. Chernova M.V. Bankrotstvo v zhiznennom tsikle organizatsii: empiricheskoe issledovanie [Bankruptcy in the Life Cycle of an Organization: Empirical Study]. Ekonomicheskii analiz: teoriya i praktika, 2009, no 10, pp. 11–14.

14. Prigozhin A.I. Tseli i tsennosti. Novye metody raboty s budushchim [Goals and Values. New Ways to Work with the Future]. Moscow, Delo, 2010, 221 p.

15. Kostomarov N.I. Ocherk torgovli Moskovskogo gosudarstva v XVI i XVII stoletiyakh [Essay on the Trade of the Moscow State in the 16th and 17th Centuries]. Lib.ru, available at: http://az.lib.ru/k/kostomarow_n_i/text_1857_ocherk_togovli.shml/

16. Rabinovich Ya.N. Dzhon Merrik na peregovorakh v Ladoge 1616 goda [John Merrick at the Ladoga Negotiations in 1616]. Izvestiya Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaya seriya: Istoriya. Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 2009, vol. 9, no 1, pp. 92–98.

17. Klyuchevskii V.O. Kurs russkoi istorii: Lektsii I–XXXII [Russian History Course: Lectures I–XXXII]. Lib.ru, available at: http://az.lib.ru/k/kljuchewskij_w_o/text_0020.shtml/

18. Rybalko N.V. Sistema upravleniya v usloviyakh krizisa gosudarstvennoi vlasti v Rossii (na primere Smutnogo vremeni, XVII v.) [Management System in the Context of the State Power Crisis in Russia (on the Example of the Time of Troubles, XVII Century)]. Vlast’, 2009, no 8, p. 166.

19. Rybalko N.V. Prikaznoe upravlenie v gorodakh Rossii v period Smuty nachala XVII v. [Order Management in Russian Cities during the Time of Troubles in the Early 17th Century]. Vlast’, 2010, no 6, pp. 138–140.

20. Bulgakov M.B. Struktury posadskogo samoupravleniya na gosudarstvennoi i mirskoi sluzhbakh v XVII v. [Structures of Township Self-Government in State and Secular Services in the 17th Century]. Otechestvennaya istoriya, 2005, no 4, pp. 94, 95.

21. Eroshkin N.P. Istoriya gosudarstvennykh uchrezhdenii dorevolyutsionnoi Rossii [History of Public Institutions in Pre-Revolutionary Russia]. Moscow, Vysshaya shkola, 1968, 352 p.

22. Perkhavko V.B. Iz torgovogo ryada v Boyarskuyu dumu: biografiya Kuz’my Minina v kontekste Smutnogo vremeni [From the Trading Row to the Boyar Duma: Kuzma Minin’s Biography in the Context of the Time of Troubles]. Trudy Instituta rossiiskoi istorii RAN, 2017, no 14, pp. 189, 190, 191,194, 199, 200, 211.

23. Parieva L.R. Osobennosti sistemy upravleniya vooruzhennymi silami antibol’shevistskikh pravitel’stv Rossii v period Grazhdanskoi voiny: Istoriya rossiiskoi gosudarstvennosti: Doklady Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii, posvyashchennoi 100-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya professora N.P. Eroshkina. Moskva, 19 dekabrya 2020 g. [Features of the Command System of the Armed Forces of the Anti-Bolshevik Governments of Russia during the Civil War: History of Russian Statehood: Reports of the International Scientific Conference Dedicated to the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Professor N.P. Eroshkin. Moscow, December 19, 2020]. Sost. L.D. Shapovalova. Moscow, RGGU, 2021, pp. 344, 349.

24. Shirokorad Aleksandr. Velikaya interventsiya. Vtorgshis’ v Sovetskuyu Rossiyu v 1917 godu, zapadnye derzhavy obrekli sebya na uzhasy Vtoroi mirovoi voiny [The Great Intervention. By Invading Soviet Russia in 1917, the Western Powers Doomed Themselves to the Horrors of World War II.]. Nezavisimaya gazeta, 2017, 18 avgusta.

25. Tyukov N.A. Revolyutsionnaya byurokratiya Rossii: tovarishchi ministrov v 1917 g.: Istoriya rossiiskoi gosudarstvennosti: Doklady Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii, posvyashchennoi 100-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya professora N.P. Eroshkina. Moskva, 19 dekabrya 2020 g. [Revolutionary Bureaucracy in Russia: Comrade Ministers in 1917: History of Russian Statehood: Reports of the International Scientific Conference Dedicated to the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Professor N.P. Eroshkin. Moscow, December 19, 2020]. Sost. L.D. Shapovalova. Moscow, RGGU, 2021, pp. 300, 301.

26. Kuz’michev A.D. Nauchnaya organizatsiya truda, proizvodstva i upravleniya v Rossii nachala XX veka [Scientific Organization of Labour, Production and Management in Russia at the Beginning of the 20th Century]. Ekonomicheskaya istoriya: Ezhegodnik, 2002, pp. 377–396.

27. Sostoyanie tekhniki upravleniya na Zapade i v SSSR i mery po usvoeniyu SSSR zagranichnogo opyta: Spetsial’nyi otchet, podgotovlennyi v dekabre 1927 goda dlya chlenov Tsentral’noi kontrol’noi komissii VKP(b) sotrudnikami Instituta tekhniki upravleniya pri NK RKI [State of Management Technologies in the West and in the USSR and Measures for Assimilation of Foreign Experience by the USSR: Special Report Prepared in December 1927 for Members of the Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks by Employees of the Institute of Control Technology under the People’s Commissariat of Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspection]. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii, F. 4084, Op. 1, D. 66, L. 10–11.

28. Vilenskii A. Paradoksy gosudarstvennoi podderzhki chastnogo biznesa [Paradoxes of State Support for Private Business]. Voprosy ekonomiki, 1997, no 6, pp. 106–112.

29. Yaremenko Yu.V. Ekonomicheskie besedy. Zapis’ S.A. Belanovskogo [Economic Conversations. Recorded by S.A. Belanovsky]. Moscow, Tsentr issledovanii i statistiki nauki, 1998, p. 38.

30. Glushetskii A.A. Kooperatsiya: rol’ v sovremennoi ekonomike [Cooperation: the Role in Modern Economy]. Moscow, Profizdat, 1991, pp. 64, 65.

31. Kuz’michev A.D. Sem’ya kak yacheika postsovetskogo obshchestva, ili Osoboe mnenie o reproduktivnoi funktsii gospodina Berezovskogo [Family as a Unit of the Post-Soviet Society, or a Special Opinion on the Reproductive Function of Mr. Berezovsky]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2002, no 2, pp. 100–105.

32. Glazychev V.L. Ustroenie rossiiskogo prostranstva [Arrangement of Russian Space]. Izvestiya Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta, 2009, no 1(11), pp. 42–44.

33. Nikulenkova E.V. Izmeneniya v sisteme gosudarstvennogo upravleniya v SSSR v gody “Perestroiki”: XIV Vishnyakovskie chteniya “Nikto ne zabyt, nichto ne zabyto…” (K 70-letiyu nachala Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny): Materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii [Changes in the System of Public Administration in the USSR during the Years of “Perestroika”: XIV Vishnyakov Readings “No One is Forgotten, Nothing is Forgotten …” (On the 70th Anniversary of the Great Patriotic War Beginning): Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference]. Saint Petersburg, Izd-vo Leningradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta imeni A.S. Pushkina, 2011, pp. 127–129.

34. Glazychev V.L. Prostranstvo innovatsii [Innovation Space]. Ekonomicheskaya politika, 2010, no 2, pp. 62, 63.

35. Pervyi god prezidenta Putina. Politika, ideologiya, ekonomika [The First Year of President Putin. Politics, Ideology, Economy]. Moscow, Fond “Liberal’naya missiya”, 2001, pp. 160, 161.