DOI: 10.33917/mic-5.118.2024.52-64

The aim of the study was to identify current development trends in the tourism industry. When conducting the study, methods for processing qualitative and quantitative information were used: methods for analyzing the structure and dynamics of key indicators, graphical and tabular methods for presenting research results. The information basis of the study consisted of statistical materials of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, periodical scientific press, and Internet resources.

Based on the results of the analysis, the main problems in the tourism industry of the Russian Federation were identified: insufficient development of tourism and transport infrastructure, lack of the required number of qualified personnel to work in the tourism industry, insufficiently developed digital environment and information resources in the tourism industry, etc. Based on the identified problems, measures were recommended supporting the tourism industry: increasing investment in the tourism industry by raising funds on the basis of public-private and municipal-private partnerships, life cycle contracts and special investment contracts; increasing the number of budget and extra-budgetary places in tourism specialties, expanding the list of educational programs in tourism destinations, and other measures.

References:

1. Passport of the national project (program) «Labor Productivity and employment support»: approved by the Presidium of the Presidential Council for Strategic Development and National Projects (Protocol No. 16 dated December 24, 2018. URL: https://base.garant.ru/72185994/?ysclid=lykkqnxtci881108903

2. Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary. Moscow: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1985.

3. Passport of the national program «Digital Economy of the Russian Federation» (approved by the Presidium of the Presidential Council for Strategic Development and National Projects on December 24, 2018 No. 16). URL: https://base .garant.ru/72296050/?ysclid=lykkpit4uq663593874

4. Anpilogov N.I. Digitalization of the economy of the Russian Federation: the current state and directions of improvement. Vector of economics. 2023;5(83).

5. Babkina L.N., Skotarenko O.V., Khatsenko E.S. Modeling of the economic indicator of the standard of living of the population of the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Regional economic issues. 2022;2:10–19.

6. Passport of the national project «Science and Universities» (approved by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, April 2023). URL: https://base.garant.ru/407955661/

7. Klushina L. Innovations in priority. Evening St. Petersburg. June 20, 2024. No. 20.

8. Bodrunov S.D. The State and the revolution. The economic revival of Russia. 2019;1(59):9–13.

9. Lischuk E.N., Kapelyuk S.D. Problems of developing digital skills of the population in Russian regions. Development of socio-economic, scientific and technological potential of regions as a factor in strengthening Russia’s position in the modern world, dedicated to the Decade of Science and Technology in the Russian Federation, the Year of Youth in the Republic of Khakassia (July 5–8, 2023). Abakan: V.M. Torosov Khakass Book Publishing House, 2023. C.121–125. URL: https://www.ieie.su/assets/files/news/2023/sbornik_3.07.23.pdf

DOI: 10.33917/mic-5.118.2024.41-51

The aim of the study was to identify current development trends in the tourism industry. When conducting the study, methods for processing qualitative and quantitative information were used: methods for analyzing the structure and dynamics of key indicators, graphical and tabular methods for presenting research results. The information basis of the study consisted of statistical materials of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, periodical scientific press, and Internet resources.

Based on the results of the analysis, the main problems in the tourism industry of the Russian Federation were identified: insufficient development of tourism and transport infrastructure, lack of the required number of qualified personnel to work in the tourism industry, insufficiently developed digital environment and information resources in the tourism industry, etc. Based on the identified problems, measures were recommended supporting the tourism industry: increasing investment in the tourism industry by raising funds on the basis of public-private and municipal-private partnerships, life cycle contracts and special investment contracts; increasing the number of budget and extra-budgetary places in tourism specialties, expanding the list of educational programs in tourism destinations, and other measures.

References:

1. Glebova O.V., Mitrofanova M.N. Assessing the economic security of a hotel enterprise. Economic security. 2023;6(3):1133-1152.

2. Federal State Statistics Service. URL: https://rosstat.gov.ru/statistics/

3. Ivantsov A.A. Problems and prospects for the development of domestic tourism in the Russian Federation. Sports, tourism and hospitality in the educational space: innovations and development prospects: collection of materials from the International Scientific and Practical Conference. Moscow, April 21, 2022. Moscow: Moscow State University of Sports and Tourism, 2022. pp. 27–32.

4. Levina A.B., Trofimenko E.Yu., Yakunina Yu.S. Problems and prospects for the development of domestic tourism in Russia. Man. Sport. Medicine. 2023;23(S1):175–187.

5. Samakaeva M.D., Kovaleva I.N. Problems of development of domestic tourism in the Russian Federation. Industrial Economics. 2021;5–1:46–49.

6. Strategy for the development of tourism in the Russian Federation for the period until 2035. URL: http://static.government.ru/media/files/ FjJ74rYOaVA4yzPAshEulYxmWSpB4lrM. pdf

7. Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation. URL: https://www.economy.gov.ru/

8. Tourism.RF Corporation. URL: https://tourism.rf/

9. Lavrov V.V. Trends in the development of tourism in the Russian Federation in the context of the new economic reality. Petersburg Economic Journal. 2022;1–2:178–185.

10. Nikolenko P.G., Terekhov A.M. Analysis of the state of the tourism industry in Russia and the direction of its development. Statistics and Economics. 2022;19(4):57–70.

11. Rusina A.N., Karpycheva O.V., Yakimova E.A., Likhman D.A. Prospects for the development of domestic tourism in modern conditions. Economics, entrepreneurship and law. 2021;11(10):2343–2356.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-5.118.2024.26-40

The machine tool industry, microelectronics and the aviation industry are among the critically important sectors of the economy of any industrialized state, as they determine the technological sovereignty of industry and ensure the technological security of the country, as well as set the direction of innovative development. These industries have been the target of sanctions imposed by Western countries on Russia against the background of the Ukrainian crisis. «Unfriendly» states have imposed a ban on the supply of machine tools and components to the Russian Federation; microcircuits and other microelectronics; aircraft and their spare parts (including engines), in addition, leasing agreements with Russian airlines were terminated and aircraft maintenance was discontinued. In this regard, the industries in question faced serious challenges – to find a replacement for Western supplies as soon as possible and to mobilize their own production facilities. Even though the problem of dependence of the machine-tool, microelectronic and aviation industries on foreign supplies has been discussed for about 10 years (since the «Crimean» sanctions), no significant results have been achieved in terms of reducing import dependence. There was no collapse due to the restrictions imposed in these industries, but several difficulties arose, which require government support to solve.

References:

1. Analysis of the processor and controller market in Russia in 2018–2022, forecast for 2023–2027 under sanctions. BusinessStat. 2023. URL: https://businesstat.ru/news/processors_and_controllers/

2. Afanasyev A. The market for Russian machine tool products under external restrictions. Economy, entrepreneurship and law. 2023;13(10):4073–4088.

3. Butov A. The market for civil aircraft products. HSE Development Center. 2018. URL: https://dcenter.hse.ru/data/2018/11/19/1141804200/

4. State support for microelectronics in 2024 will amount to 210 billion rubles. Interfax. 2023. URL: https://www.interfax.ru/russia/925028

5. Kapoguzov E. Import dependence of the Russian civil aviation industry. Bulletin of Tomsk State University. Economics. 2022;58:58–76.

6. Comprehensive program for the development of the air transport industry of the Russian Federation until 2030. URL: http://static.government.ru/media/files/

7. Kostyuchenko S. The role of machine tool building in the modern economy and its impact on various industries and production processes. Economy and Society: Modern Development Models, 2023;13(3):177–194.

8. Microelectronics of Russia: from deficit to technological independence. Yakov and partners. 2023. URL: https://yakov.partners/upload/iblock/f25/

9. The current state of the Russian machine tool industry: problems and prospects. Rhythm of mechanical engineering. URL: https://ritm-magazine.com/ru/public/nastoyashchee-sostoyanie-rossiyskogo-stankostroeniya-problemy-i-perspektivy

10. Russia increased the production of civilian helicopters by 70% in 2022. Vedomosti. 2023. URL: https://www.vedomosti.ru/business/articles/2023/02/20/963574-rossiya-uvelichila-vipusk-grazhdanskih-vertoletov

DOI: 10.33917/mic-5.118.2024.14-25

Artificial intelligence and natural intelligence are two types of intelligence coexist in the world today. Despite the artificial intelligence is still little studied, it is changing all areas of human activity. It is a universal tool allows people to rethink how we integrate information, analyze data, and use insights to improve decision-making. The study analyzes areas where artificial intelligence and natural intelligence are unique. It also reveals the artificial intelligence positive value for natural intelligence. Artificial intelligence algorithms are not like passive machines capable of mechanical or predetermined responses. It combines information from different sources, instantly analyzes the material and displays information results obtained from the data. Data form can vary and may be as digital information, satellite imagery, visual information, text or unstructured data. Due to massive improvements in storage systems, processing speed, and analytical techniques, artificial intelligence is capable of incredibly complex analysis. The article identifies the main differences and similarities in the artificial and natural intelligence characteristics, as well as the exceptional capabilities of these concepts. Despite the natural intelligence is endowed with a creative component that nothing can supplant so far, artificial intelligence is already changing the world and raising important issues for the social, economic and political spheres. Artificial intelligence acts as an assistant to natural intelligence. Artificial intelligence is not a futuristic concept, but rather something that exists today, being integrated and implemented in various sectors. This includes areas such as finance, national security, healthcare, litigation, transportation, construction, and industry. There are many examples of how AI is already making an impact on the world and significantly expanding human capabilities.

References:

1. Kant I. Critique of Pure Reason / Translated from German by N. Lossky, verified and edited by Ts.G. Arzakanyan and M.I. Itkin, note by Ts.G. Arzakanyan. Moscow: Mysl, 1994. 591 p.

2. Osipov G.S., Velichkovsky B.M. Artificial Intelligence. The Great Russian Encyclopedia 2004–2017. URL: https://old.bigenc.ru/mathematics/text/2022537?ysclid=lxnb09fze448915724

3. Bridges A., Royka A., Wilson T. et al. Bumblebees Socially Learn Behavior Too Complex to Innovate Alone. Nature. URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07126-4

4. Marx K., Engels F. Works. v. 46, part 2. 652 p.

5. Kozlowski P. Postmodern Culture: Social and Cultural Consequences of Technical Development: Transl. from Germ. 1997. 240 p.

6. Lepskiy V.E. Artificial Intelligence in Subjective Management Paradigms. Philosophical Sciences. 2021;64(1):88–101.

7. Glukhikh V.A., Eliseev S.M., Kirsanova N.P. Artificial Intelligence as a Problem of Modern Sociology. DISCOURSE. 2022;8(1):82–93.

8. Belikova E.K. Popov E.A. Modern problems of the relationship between natural and artificial intelligence in the paradigm of culture. Social problems of society development. Sociology of culture. 2023;11: 9–13.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-5.118.2024.5-13

The article dwells on the problems of increasing stability of artificial societies consisting of organizational agents as elements of a digital supersystem with a significant component of unpredictable behaviour. The problems of supersystem observability are analyzed. It is proposed to unify information, telematic and computing services for creating a digital twin in order to support the transition of an individual from a cluster of unpredictable behaviour (aggressive behaviour) to a cluster with confirmed trust as a computing solution. Introduction of quantum computing allows us to obtain more substantiated assessments of productivity of the process of increasing the artificial societies’ sustainability based on the use of quantum simulators that allow, in difficult crisis conditions, to calculate all the optimization indicators for a large number of objects and resources in relation to the personalities of recipients (buyers) of information, each of whom is in a local uncertain and confusing choice of solutions for actions in a digital supersystem. The author substantiates direction of the imprinting vector of the reflexive matrices’ developed profiles depending on the different person’s satisfaction with life as a base point, from which one can start for artificially inducing the experience of reality in order to support transition of an individual from a cluster of unpredictable behaviour (aggressive) to a cluster with confirmed trust as a computing solution.

References:

1. Ageev A.I., Grabchak E.P., Loginov E.L. Using artificial intelligence in the implementation of troop command and control of civilian facilities as a single hybrid battlefield. Neurocomputers and their application: Abstracts of the XX All-Russian scientific conference, Moscow, March 22, 2022. Moscow: MGPPU, 2022. pp. 31–33.

2. Ageev A.I., Grabchak E.P., Loginov E.L. Using supercomputer technologies to manage the operation of super-large organizational systems in the implementation of complex special projects (operations). Microeconomics. 2024;1:5–10.

3. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency • Budget Estimates FY 2024. URL: https://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2024/budget_justification/pdfs/

4. Loginov E.L. Digital Technologies of Political Struggle: Neural Network Imperatives of Information Counteraction to Attempts to Intercept Control in the Socio-Political Environment. Moscow: «Rusains», 2024. 234 p.

5. Ageyev A.I., Loginov E.L. Neurocommunity – is it the Future of Humanity? Economic Strategies. 2022;24(5 (185)):42–51.

6. Grabchak E.P., Loginov E.L. Maintaining the Operation of an Integrated Complex of Civil and Special Structures Based on Digital Synchronization of Monitoring, Communication, Analytics and Control Functions. Problems of Complex Systems Security Management: Proceedings of the XXXI International Conference, Moscow, December 13, 2023. Moscow: V.A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2023. pp. 499–504.

DOI: 10.33917/es-4.196.2024.136-143

Competitive strategy of the company engaged in medical equipment in the B2G market is considered. The author analyzes the process of choosing a strategy for launching a new brand in conditions of high market competition — against the background of significant market monopolization and risks of the new competitors’ emergence. Driving forces of this market, regulation, target audiences and stakeholders are described.

References:

1. Kornienko D.A. Rynok rossiiskogo meditsinskogo oborudovaniya v period ekonomicheskikh sanktsii. Modernizatsiya rossiiskogo obshchestva i obrazovaniya: novye ekonomicheskie orientiry, strategii upravleniya, voprosy pravoprimeneniya i podgotovki kadrov [The Russian Medical Equipment Market During the Period of Economic Sanctions. Modernization of Russian Society and Education: New Economic Guidelines, Management Strategies, Law Enforcement Issues and Personnel Training]. Materialy XXIV Natsional’noi nauchnoi konferentsii (c mezhdunarodnym uchastiem). Taganrog, 2023. Tom I. Taganrog: Taganrogskij institut upravleniya i ekonomiki, 2023. pp. 412–429.

2.Kopylov M.A. Obespechenie ustoichivogo razvitiya rossiiskikh proizvoditelei medtekhniki v usloviyakh vneshne ekonomicheskikh sanktsii [Ensuring Sustainable Development of Russian Medical Equipment Manufacturers in the Context of Foreign Economic Sanctions]. Tsifrovizatsiya tekhnosfery: nauchnyi podkhod: Sbornik nauchnykh statei Natsional’noi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii. Moskva: Rossiiskii tekhnologicheskii universitet, 2022. pp. 110–113.

3.Basil N. Stoma care: the market in products lets patients down. BMJ, 2013.

4.Simatov S.A. Problemy organizacii okazanija medicinskoj i reabilitacionnoj pomoshhi stomirovannym bol’nym na sovremennom jetape [Problems of the Organization of Medical and Rehabilitation Care for Stoma Patients at the Present Stage] // Vestnik medicinskogo instituta «REAVIZ». 2017. № 3. pp. 78–82.

5.Simatov S.A. Spornye i nereshennye voprosy okazanija pomoshhi stomirovannym pacientam v ambulatornyh uslovijah (obzor literatury) [Disputed and Unresolved Issues of Assistance to Stoma Patients in Outpatient Settings (a literature review)] / S.A. Simatov, M.Ju. Zasypkin, S.A. Stoljarov [et al.] // Vestnik medicinskogo instituta «REAVIZ». 2019. № 5. pp. 75–84.

6. Rasporyazhenie Pravitel’stva RF ot 22 noyabrya 2017 g. N 2599-r «O strategii razvitiya proizvodstva promyshlennoi produktsii reabilitatsionnoi napravlennosti do 2025 g.» [Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 22, 2017 No. 2599-r “On the Strategy for the Development of Industrial Production of Rehabilitation Products until 2025”]. Garant, available at: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/71719020/

7. Prikaz Ministerstva truda i sotsial’noi zashchity Rossiiskoi Federatsii ot 31.05.2023 № 482n «Ob utverzhdenii professional’nogo standarta «Pomoshchnik po ukhodu»» [Order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation dated May 31, 2023 No. 482n “On Approval of the Professional Standard Care Assistant”]. Garant, available at: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/407247740/

DOI: 10.33917/es-4.196.2024.128-136

The article explores mechanisms for increasing resilience and sustainability of commercial organizations in conditions of growing instability of the external environment. Approaches to understanding viability, sustainability and adaptability of an organization are analyzed. The concept of managerial cross-section is introduced. Among the highlighted sections, the authors examine in more details the tools for studying a communication aspect. Advantages of subject-oriented management for designing communications in an organization are described, some risks of implementing the proposed strategy are identified. Relevance of the study is determined by parameters and trends of change in the modern market environment, which really necessitate to strengthen the dynamics of renewal and adaptation processes, since acceleration of technological innovation is not accompanied by adequate and comparable development of management models. Results obtained can be applied for theoretical research into the functioning of sociotechnical systems of different scales. Also, the proposed approach can be put into practice as part of the development of measures aimed at transforming the company’s business model or improving the efficiency of operational management.

References:

1. Lavrikova Yu.G., Buchinskaya O.N., Myslyakova Yu.G. Teoriya khaosa: rasshirenie granits ekonomicheskikh issledovaniy [Chaos Theory: Expanding the Frontiers of Economic Research]. AlterEconomics, 2023, vol. 20, no 1, pp. 79–109, DOI: 10.31063/AlterEconomics/2023.20-1.5

2. Abramov V.I., Churkin D.A. Otsenka urovnya zrelosti sistemy upravleniya vzaimootnosheniyami s klientami [Assessing the Maturity Level of a Customer Relationship Management System]. Vestnik universiteta, 2022, no 12, pp, 5–13.

3. Pratt M., Kakula S. Motivatsiya v kommercheskoy kompanii s ispol’zovaniem kommunikatsiy, osnovannykh na tekhnologiyakh: V kn.: Dingli A., Khaddod F. Iskusstvennyy intellekt v Industrii 4.0. Issledovaniya v oblasti vychislitel’nogo intellekta [Motivation in a Commercial Company Using Technology-based Communications: In: Dingli A., Haddod F. Artificial Intelligence in Industry 4.0. Research in Computational Intelligence]. Springer, 2021, vol. 928, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-61045-6_2 https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-61045-6_2

4. Abramov V.I., Abramov I.V., Polivanov K.V., Semenkov K.Yu. Kontseptual’naya mode’’ tsifrovoy sistemy analiticheskoy podderzhki distantsionnogo upravleniya personalom organizatsii [Conceptual Model of a Digital System of Analytical Support for Remote Management of an Organization’s Personnel]. Ekonomika, predprinimatel’stvo i pravo, 2023, vol. 13, vol. 7, pp. 2341–2352, DOI: 10.18334/epp.13.7.118326.

5. Romanova O.A., Sirotin D.V., Ponomareva A.O. Ot ekonomiki soprotivleniya — k rezil’entnoy ekonomike (na primere promyshlennogo regiona) [From the Economy of Resistance to the Resilient Economy (Using the Example of an Industrial Region)]. AlterEconomics, 2022, vol. 19, no 4, pp. 620–637, DOI: 10.31063/AlterEconomics/2022.19-4.4

DOI: 10.33917/es-4.196.2024.124-127

DOI: 10.33917/es-4.196.2024.114-123

Recently Russia has been actively searching for a way out of the demographic crisis. A timely response to internal demographic problems became the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin, according to which 2024 has been declared the Year of the Family. Focus on popularizing family values shows that the problem is becoming more and more pertinent, and no effective solutions have been found to date.

Demographic problem in general is widely discussed in Russia, attempts are made to reverse the negative trend with the help of various economic measures. However, any significant progress hasn’t yet been achieved. In this regard, new views and approaches to solving this problem are extremely in demand.

References:

1. Goncharova N.P., Eremin A.A., Tarasova E.V. K voprosu o metodike otsenki rezul’tativnosti demograficheskoy politiki. Demograficheskiy potentsial stran EAES: VIII Ural’skiy demograficheskiy forum [On the Methodology for Assessing the Effectiveness of Demographic Policy: Demographic Potential of the EAEU Countries: VIII Ural Demographic Forum]. Vol. II. Ekaterinburg, Institut ekonomiki UrO RAN, 2017, pp. 77–81.

2. Pasport natsional’nogo proekta “Demografiya” (utv. prezidiumom Soveta pri Prezidente RF po strategicheskomu razvitiyu i natsional’nym proektam, protokol ot 24 dekabrya 2018 g. N 16) [Passport of the National Project “Demography” (Approved by the Presidium of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for Strategic Development and National Projects, Protocol of December 24, 2018 No. 16)], available at: http://static.government.ru/media/ files/Z4OMjDgCaeohKWaA0psu6lCekd3hwx2m.pdf

3. Demografiya [Demography]. Federal’naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoy statistiki, available at: https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/12781

4. Federal’nyy zakon ot 19 maya 1995 g. N 81-FZ “O gosudarstvennykh posobiyakh grazhdanam, imeyushchim detey” (v red. Federal’nykh zakonov ot 24 noyabrya 1995 g. N 184-FZ, ot 18 iyunya 1996 g. N 76-FZ, ot 24 noyabrya 1996 g. N 130-FZ, ot 30 dekabrya 1996 g. N 162-FZ, ot 21 iyulya 1998 g. N 117-FZ, ot 29 iyulya 1998 g. N 134-FZ, ot 17 iyulya 1999 g. N 171-FZ, ot 10 iyulya 2000 g. N 93-FZ, ot 7 avgusta 2000 g. N 122-FZ, ot 30 maya 2001 g. N 66-FZ, ot 30 maya 2001 g. N 67-FZ, ot 28 dekabrya 2001 g. N 181-FZ, ot 25 iyulya 2002 g. N 116-FZ, ot 22 avgusta 2004 g. N 122-FZ, ot 29 dekabrya 2004 g. N 206-FZ) [Federal Law of May 19, 1995 No. 81-FZ «On State Benefits to Citizens with Children» (as amended by Federal Laws of November 24, 1995 No. 184-FZ, June 18, 1996 No. 76-FZ, November 24, 1996 No. 130-FZ, December 30, 1996 No. 162-FZ, July 21, 1998 No. 117-FZ, July 29, 1998 No. 134-FZ, July 17, 1999 No. 171-FZ, July 10, 2000 No. 93-FZ, August 7, 2000 No. 122-FZ of May 30, 2001 No. 66-FZ of May 30, 2001 No. 67-FZ of December 28, 2001 No. 181-FZ of July 25, 2002 No. 116- FZ of August 22, 2004 No. 122-FZ of December 29, 2004 No. 206-FZ)]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Ministerstva truda i sotsial’noy zashchity RF, available at: https://mintrud. gov.ru/docs/laws/77

DOI: 10.33917/es-4.196.2024.108-113

The article dwells on the concept of harmosphere — the sphere of harmony of mind and feeling, man and nature, natural and human sciences. The noosphere arose with the beginning of the “industrial revolution”, when the progress of mankind as a whole came to be determined by reason. According to V.I. Vernadsky, man becomes “the largest geological force.” Modernity corresponds to the end of the noospheric stage of development and the beginning of the harmosphere formation. The “end” of the noosphere correlates with the emergence and legalization of nuclear missile weapons capable of destroying civilization.

References:

1. Golubev V.S. Osnovy garmonologii [Basics of Harmonology]. Moscow, Lenand, 2018.

2. Golubev V.S. Priroda — chelovek — obshchestvo: razvitie i garmoniya [Nature — Man — Society: Development and Harmony]. Moscow, Lenand, 2016.

3. Golubev V.S. Garmoniya spaset mir [Harmony will Save the World]. Moscow, Lenand, 2017.

4. Golubev V.S. Ocherki ekosotsiogumanizma [Essays on Ecosociohumanism]. Moscow, Lenand, 2021.

5. Panov A.D. Singulyarnaya tochka istorii [Singular Point of History] Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost’, 2015, no 1.