DOI: 10.33917/mic-5.100.2021.49-61

An analytical methodology for evaluating the criteria of microeconomic efficiency of investments in nuclear power plants with innovative accident tolerant nuclear fuel resistant is presented. The main directions of current research in the world on the development of various variants of accident tolerant nuclear fuel are shown. To assess the competitiveness of nuclear power plants with accident tolerant fuel, it is proposed to use the coefficients of the influence of tolerant fuel on capital, operating and fuel costs, as well as on the efficiency of using the installed reactor capacity. Analytical formula containing influence coefficients are obtained to evaluate the main criteria for the effectiveness of investments in nuclear power plants with such type of fuel: internal return rate, levelized cost of electricity, discounted payback period and net present value. The results of the analysis of the sensitivity of microeconomic criteria to the proposed influence coefficients are presented. This approach allows us to determine the most important directions for a detailed analysis of the economic effects of the intеgration of accident tolerant fuel into nuclear power.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-5.100.2021.62-73

The article presents approaches to the implementation of the conceptual stages of the life cycle of offshore oil and gas structures (OOGS) to ensure the profitability of projects for the exploration and development of offshore hydrocarbon fields. The current decline in the offshore field activity of Russian oil and gas companies (OGCs) can be explained by a number of concerns. The most significant are the low profitability of projects and the lack of investments due to the background of low global oil prices. According to the author, the solution to this problem lies in the ways of optimizing the concepts of OOGS according to the criteria that meet the characteristics of the Russian oil and gas industry, for which it is necessary to rationalize the scope, content and management of project work at the conceptual design stage.

The article presents the results of a study of corporate project regulations of foreign OGCs and foreign engineering companies (ECs) at the conceptual stages of OOGS projects, analysis of the relationship between the stages of the life cycle of the offshore hydrocarbon field development. Using the example of a field on the Canadian shelf, the author estimates the cost of implementing an error at different stages of the project life cycle, as a result of which the role of conceptual stages in meeting the project’s on-time and in-budget goals is determined.

On the basis of the performed research, recommendations are formulated, the implementation of which will allow Russian OGCs to increase the profitability of projects for the exploration and development of offshore fields.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-5.100.2021.74-79

The article provides a justification for the feasibility of introducing digital technologies into the oil and gas industry, which nowadays experiencing a period of tightening competition because of falling oil prices, complicating the conditions for geological exploration and oil production, the development of «green» energy. There is a downward trend in demand for oil and petroleum products, which forces oil and gas companies to reduce costs and increase the efficiency of oil production in order to withstand pressure from competitors. For these purposes, many oil and gas companies are digitalizing their business processes. As the advantages of digitalization of the industry, the article discusses the reduction of costs for exploration and production of oil, and as barriers – underdeveloped infrastructure, a lack of highly qualified personnel and cyber threats.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-5.100.2021.80-86

The article analyzes the balance between Europe’s desire for carbon neutrality and energy security. The problems of using renewable energy sources (RES) in Europe arising from unstable weather have been identified. It is concluded that the volume of renewable energy production up to 50% and above, as planned by the EU, is not justified due to the unreliability of renewable energy – dependence on the weather. According to the author’s preliminary assessment, in order to ensure the energy stability of the country, RES should produce no more than 30% of electricity.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-5.100.2021.87-102

The article deals with a description and analysis of the policy of modernization of the healthcare sector implemented by the Japanese government on the basis of artificial technology, provides particular examples of some research projects and cases of practical application of the described technologies, identifies problem areas of the policy being implemented and projects being developed.

Modernization of the healthcare sector and medical services based on using of the latest digital technologies, in particular, artificial intelligence technology, is one of the key current global trends. In Russia, the digital transformation of healthcare is defined as one of the key tasks and is carried out within the framework of the National Project «Healthcare».

The study of successful examples of the introduction of artificial intelligence technology, as well as problems that hinder or slow down the integration of this technology and ways to overcome them, can be a valuable lesson for countries also involved in the development of national strategies for the development of artificial intelligence.

DOI:  https://doi.org/ 10.33917/es-5.179.2021.116-121

Production cooperative (artel) historically is a native Russian form of collective labour activity, aimed, as a rule, at performing certain permanent or temporary work and requiring mutual guarantee of all workers. Artels and their associations are based only on free creative labour (not hired labour), which allows workers themselves to be responsible for efficiency of managing their time and to improve constantly, providing an increase in labour productivity and production profitability. Such work is fundamentally different from the work under an employment contract. Members of cooperatives do not pass “their time” for rationing “from above”, but independently organize their work, revealing their potential, based on personal experience, ingenuity, freedom and personal motivation, effectively interacting with each other in the workforce.

DOI:  https://doi.org/ 10.33917/es-5.179.2021.134-142

Russian cybersecurity market shows insignificant positive growth rates due to development of the B2B segment: launch of individual projects in the sphere of digitalization at the federal level, as well as adoption of security systems to deflect cyber attacks and proactively identify threats from major market players. At the same time, the B2C segment is really inferior to B2B. This is primarily attributable to the fact that ordinary consumers do not realize the need to protect digital data. The present paper will consider the main parameters of the macroenvironment, competitive saturation and will analyze a modern consumer of cybersecurity services. These factors will help to identify the roots of negative perception of cyber services among Russian consumers. The article authors suggest a marketing communication strategy to improve the current situation on the example of Kaspersky Lab and the target IT Administrators audience.

DOI:  https://doi.org/ 10.33917/es-5.179.2021.122-133

The article shows effects assessment of procurement process centralisation and centralized purchasing; describes case of centralized procurement of domestic office and antivirus software for federal government bodies; explain advantages and disadvantages; forms recommendations for future centralized procurement.

DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.33917/es-5.179.2021.110-115

The author considers the initiative from the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation about restriction of payments with cash from citizens. The argument of imposition of restrictions from the Ministry of Finance is stimulation of non-cash payments and also the method of fight against doubtful transactions. The similar initiative is contrary to peremptory rules of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the civil law of the Russian Federation, also to the consumer protection law.

DOI:  https://doi.org/ 10.33917/es-5.179.2021.102-107

The article examines relationship between innovation and economic development in the framework of new technological structures, as well as implementation of an innovative macro-strategy in the context of modern credit and banking system, supported and stimulated by the state and by transnational corporations. The function of an entrepreneur is to contribute to prosperity of both an individual business and the country’s economy as a whole. In the absence of entrepreneurs, budget financing of projects often involves irresponsible decision-making (economically ineffective), bureaucracy and business degeneration. Systemic support for the development of entrepreneurial innovation is needed, and macroeconomic management tools should be stimulatory. Modern legal regulation does not comply with new technological possibilities.

Technological change can have both positive and negative social consequences. Growing unemployment is considered one of the serious social threats. A well-thought-out state policy should be aimed at neutralizing the negative social consequences of the economy technological transition. It is necessary to use international experience in implementing credit issue in order to stimulate investments in innovative sectors of economy. The role of the Central Bank in targeting the growth of corporate incomes and incomes of the population is important, as well as implementation of the program for innovative development of the economy under the state support.