DOI: 10.33917/mic-4.111.2023.73-81

Considers the sustainable development of human capital as the basis for scientific and technological transformations of the Russian economy. The importance of considering this problem is due to the fact that innovative development, ensuring the technological security of the state, directly depends on the people who are called upon to solve this problem, on the level of human capital, the bearer of which they are. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between innovation activity and the level of human capital, to study the state of the main components of human capital, to identify problems and possible solutions. In the course of the study, general theoretical methods were used: analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction. The analysis showed that the global leaders in the field of innovation also occupy strong positions in terms of the level of human capital, and this trend is also typical for Russian regions. The study indicated the presence of a number of problems in the development of the main components of human capital, which, to a certain extent, is due to a decrease in federal budget spending on the main areas directly related to the development of human capital. A possible solution to the identified problems is proposed through the development and adoption of a comprehensive state program for the formation and development of human capital.

References: 

1. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 20, 2023 No. 1315-r “On approval of the Concept of technological development for the period up to 2030”. URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_447895/

2. Global Innovation Index 2022

3. Rating of regions by scientific and technological development – the results of 2021. URL: https://riarating.ru/infografika/20221024/630231634.html

4. Human development index in Russia: regional differences. URL: https://ac.gov.ru/uploads/2-Publications/analitika/2022/_2021_long.pdf

5. Most educated countries in 2023. URL: https://translated.turbopages.org/proxy_u/en-ru.ru.822d3c45-64ae8608-e9b7ec27-74722d776562/https/worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries

6. Information and analytical materials based on the results of monitoring the activities of educational institutions of higher education. URL: https://monitoring.miccedu.ru/?m=vpo&year=2021

7. In 2022, the size of the market for additional professional education in Russia decreased by 3.8%: from 824 to 793 million acad. hours. URL: https://businesstat.ru/news/additional_professional_education/

8. Demographics. URL: https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/12781

9. Life expectancy in Russia rose to a record high after a two-year decline. URL: https://www.rbc.ru/economics/26/03/2023/641f04989a7947c736e37524

10. On the results of the work of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in 2022 and tasks for 2023. URL: http://medinvestclub.ru/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/About-results-of-work.pdf

11. The main directions of the budget, tax and customs tariff policy for 2023 and for the planning period of 2024 and 2025. URL: https://minfin.gov.ru/common/upload/library/2022/10/main/Osn_2023-2025.pdf

DOI: 10.33917/mic-4.111.2023.69-72

An analysis is given of significant changes in the export of energy resources from Russia, taking into account the global economic recession and the warm winter in Europe in comparison with 2022. It is noted that in 2023 there was a sharp change in the export flows of oil and gas from Europe to Asia (China and India), after the introduction of the EU price ceiling for Russian oil. Europe has switched to coal for power plants and buying more expensive LNG from the US instead of Russian gas.

References: 

1. Novak A. Energy policy of Russia: turn to the East // Energy policy, June 08, 2023. URL: https://energypolicy.ru/energeticheskaya-politika-rossii-razvorot-na-vostok/business/2023/14/08 /

2. Oil market, OPEC+, new markets and gasification // Neftegaz.RU. URL: https://neftegaz.ru/news/transport-and-storage/780860-neftyanoy-rynok-opek-novye-rynki-i-gazifikatsiya-a-novak-oboznachil-energeticheskie-perspektivy-ross/

DOI: 10.33917/mic-4.111.2023.56-68

On the basis of transactional analysis, the model of interdependence of the three main categories of corporate governance of Rosatom Group is considered.  Having analyzed the management structures of the joint-stock company and taking into account the desire of Rosatom Group to maximize shareholder profits, we believe that Rosatom Group was created in accordance with the Anglo-Saxon model of corporate governance. One of the problems of corporate governance is that the company’s principles enshrined in the Code of Business Conduct and Business Ethics of Rosatom State Corporation lack an element of innovation, and the company’s mission poorly reflects it, despite the “innovative development program”. The problem of mismatch of principles in such a large corporation as Rosatom, of course, at some point may have a negative impact on the internal environment. It is proposed, in order to optimize corporate governance processes and accelerate managerial decision-making, to reproduce a comprehensive automated database on the corporate ownership structure of Rosatom Group organizations in the nuclear industry.

References: 

1. Astakhov V.V. Key factors of increasing the competitiveness of a knowledge-intensive enterprise in the nuclear industry. Problems of management theory and practice. 2019;5:59-67. (In Russ.).

2. Bezpalov V.V., Sizova D.A. Ensuring economic security of the energy sector under restrictions. Industry: economics, management, technology. 2022;1(3-4 (3)): 45-58. (In Russ.).

3. Boyko A.A. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the global state of the nuclear industry in the long term and the prospects of Rosatom State Corporation. Geoeconomics of energy. 2021;13(1):88-99. (In Russ.).

4. Boyko A.N. Rosatom State Corporation: assessment of strategic choice in the context of the results of activities. Management and business administration. 2022;3:71-84. (In Russ.).

5. Dubrova M.V. Financial statements of state corporations as an aggregator of financial transactions on the example of GC Rosatom. Financial life. 2022;2:121-128. (In Russ.).

6. Zakharova E.A. Comparative analysis of target ERP systems on the example of Rosatom State Corporation systems. Bulletin of the Central Russian University Educational Consortium. Information technology. 2022;2(20):56-60. (In Russ.).

7. Kalin D.I. Assessment of the competitiveness of Rosatom State Corporation in the field of innovation. Beneficiary. 2018;23:32-37. (In Russ.).

8. Klimovsky V.V., Semenova A.G. The influence of personnel motivation on the efficiency of the enterprise (on the example of Rosatom State Corporation). Internauka. 2020;1-1 (130):81-83. (In Russ.).

9. Kondratova K.S. Features of the organization and economic activity of state corporations in the Russian Federation (for example, Rosatom State Corporation, Rusnano State Corporation and others). Forum of Young Scientists. 2018;12-2 (28):1060-1066. (In Russ.).

10. Letaeva T.V. Legal aspects of corporate social responsibility of Rosatom State Corporation. Law and order: history, theory, practice. 2014;2 (3):161-166. (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.33917/mic-4.111.2023.51-55

The concept of «digital twin» as a tool for building strategic planning for the industrial sector is generalized. The use of leadership «models» in strategic planning is substantiated, the stages of evolution and the stages of building a «digital twin» in production are reflected.

References: 

1. Andreev Yu.S., Tsarev M.V. Digital twins in industry: development history, classification, development scenarios. Economics and Management. St. Petersburg, 2019. pp. 45-46. (In Russ.).

2. Zhukovskaya I.V. Service market segmentation: problems, solutions. Microeconomics. 2021;2:32-37. (In Russ.).

3. Mineva O.K., Gubanova A.V. Digital transformation as a tool for developing the competitiveness of industrial enterprises. Creative economy. 2020;6:17-18. (In Russ.).

4. Ragimkhanov A.V. Systematization of scientific approaches to the study of the competitiveness of services: from theory to practice / A.V. Ragimkhanov, I.V. Zhukovskaya. Microeconomics. 2022;1:75-78. (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.33917/mic-4.111.2023.42-50

The anti-sanctions strategy can currently be part of the strategic planning of the Russian company’s activities, the essence of which consists of a set of measures aimed at changing behavior during downturns, a steady decline in financial performance, the threat of bankruptcy for the purpose of financial recovery. The article assesses the impact of the sanctions policy against the Russian Federation on industry in 2022, identifies the industries with the largest decline in the production index and internal factors contributing to pronounced crisis phenomena in these industries, lists the main negative manifestations of sanctions. The «problem field» faced by the manufacturer of equipment for the electric power industry has been investigated, the anti-sanction, anti-crisis measures taken and the difficulties that have arisen in the course of their implementation are listed. Possible ways of overcoming crisis phenomena are determined.

References: 

1. On industrial production in January-February 2023. Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). URL: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/47_29-03-2023.html

2. On the situation in industry in April-May 2022. Comments on the state and business. HSE Development Center.  No. 424. May 20, 2022. pp. 1-13. URL: https://dcenter.hse.ru/mon/71896859/627261690.html

3. Afanasyev A.A. On the assessment of the impact of international sanctions on the functioning of domestic industry. Economic relations. 2022;12(2):179-194. (In Russ.).

4. Afontsev S.A. Politics and economics of trade wars. Journal of NEA. 2020;1 (45):193-198. (In Russ.).

5. Ahmadeev A.M. Iran’s experience in innovation of enterprises and economy under economic sanctions. 2022;4(42):107-114. (In Russ.).

6. Barkovsky A.N. Consequences of Western sanctions and retaliatory sanctions of the Russian Federation / A.N. Barkovsky, S.S. Alabyan, O.V. Morozenkova. Russian Foreign Economic Bulletin. 2015;9:3-7. (In Russ.).

7. Vorobyova E.I. The impact of sanctions on the economy and social sphere of the state: historical aspect and modern realities. Scientific Bulletin: finance, banks, investments. 2019;3(48):134-140. (In Russ.).

8. Zvonova E.A. Preservation of the international competitiveness of the national economy of the country subject to economic sanctions (Iran’s experience). Economy. Taxes. Right. 2017;2:30-37. (In Russ.).

9. Zolotareva V.P. Formation of the «economy of resistance» in Russia: historical experience and modern realities. Law, Economics and Management: Theory and Practice: Collection of materials of the II All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference, Cheboksary, May 12, 2022.  Cheboksary: Limited Liability Company «Publishing House “Wednesday”», 2022. pp. 31-35.

10. Karlova N., Morozov A., Puzanova E. Import restrictions restrain exports: results of a survey of enterprises: Analytical note. Department of Research and Forecasting of the Bank of Russia, 2023. URL: https://cbr.ru/Content/Document/File/144420/analytic_note_20230130_dip.pdf

DOI: 10.33917/mic-4.111.2023.29-41

The solution of climate problems, accompanied by the development and implementation of carbon regulation mechanisms in international markets, determines the need to reduce the carbon intensity of the Russian economy in order to maintain its competitiveness. The article analyzes the influence of production factors on total CO₂ emissions in Russia on the basis of official statistics. During the study, it was hypothesized that the improvement of production factors will contribute to the reduction of CO₂ emissions. To test it, a simulation based on panel data was carried out. Special attention was paid to the problem of CO₂ emissions by sectors of economic activity.

References: 

1. Head of the Ministry of Economic Development Reshetnikov: Russia will continue its course towards decarbonization. Russian newspaper. URL: https://rg.ru/2023/01/25/reshetnikov-rossiia-prodolzhit-kurs-na-dekarbonizaciiu.html

2. Why there is no more hope for oil and gas and what should Russia do. – interview with I. Bashmakov. URL: https://plus-one.ru/economy/2023/02/22/pochemu-nadezhdy-na-neft-i-gaz-bolshe-net-i-chto-delat-rossii

3. Experts assessed Russia’s spending on combating carbon emissions under sanctions. URL: https://www.rbc.ru/economics/07/02/2023/63e0facd9a79474b9ad80886

4. The head of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs called for a reconsideration of the «Western» approach to climate problems. URL: https://www.rbc.ru/economics/17/02/2023/63ef549b9a794761544d52f

5. Bai J., Jakeman A. J., McAleer M. Estimation and discrimination of alternative air pollution models. Ecological Modeling. 1992;64:89–124.

6. Grossman G., Krueger A. Economic growth and the environment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1995;110:353–377.

7. Selden T. M., Song D. Environmental quality and development: is there a Kuznets curve for air pollution emissions? Journal of Environmental Economics and management. 1994;27(2):147–162.

8. Lean H. H., Smyth R. Multivariate Granger causality between electricity generation, exports, prices and GDP in Malaysia. Energy. 2010;35(9):3640–3648.

9. Saboori B., Sulaiman J., Mohd S. Economic growth and CO₂ emissions in Malaysia: a cointegration analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve. Energy policy. 2012;51:184–191.

10. Bimonte S., Stabile A. Land consumption and income in Italy: a case of inverted EKC. Ecol Econ. 2007;131:36–43.

11. Ulucak R., Bilgili F. A reinvestigation of EKC model by ecological footprint measurement for high, middle- and low-income countries. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018;188:144-157.

12. Shafik N. Economic development and environmental quality: an econometric analysis. Ox- ford economic papers. 1994;46(4):757–774.

13. Azomahou Theophile, Laisney Francois, Nguyen Van Phu. Economic development and CO₂ emissions: A nonparametric panel approach. Journal of Public Economics. 2006;90 (6-7):1347-1363.

14. Golley J., Meng, X. Income inequality and carbon dioxide emissions: the case of Chinese urban households. Energy Economics. 2012;34 (6):1864-1872.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-4.111.2023.5-28

In modern conditions, prompt and reasonable adoption of important decisions on the regulation of production is impossible without automated calculations performed by modern software products. One of the ways to effectively solve this problem is to create a concept (taking into account the specific features of enterprises and organizations of the defense industry) of a corporate information system platform.

The paper considers and resolves the following issues: 1) on the basis of a comparative analysis of sales volumes of corporate information systems in the global and Russian markets, their main trends and patterns of development are identified; 2) a comparative assessment of the evolution of approaches to the creation and implementation of information systems, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as possible areas of the most effective use; 3) the priority requirements of potential users for corporate information systems are substantiated; 4) the main parameters are detailed – the characteristics of concentration, specialization, cooperation and combination of production; 5) the expediency of developing two variants of CIS platforms is substantiated: for a sub-sector (an integrated corporate structure) and for a group of enterprises producing homogeneous products; 6) proposals are made for organizing a complex of works in the defense industries to introduce advanced digital technologies to solve the problems of managing high-tech production.

References:

1. Enterprise Resource Planning Market Size 2021. Revenue Growth Development, Business Opportunities, Future Trends, Top Key Players, Market Share and Global Analysis by Forecast to 2023. URL:

https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/enterprise-resource-planning-market-size-2021-revenue-growth-development-business-opportunities-future-trends-top-key-players-market-share- and-global-analysis-by-forecast-to-2023-2021-07-22

2. Top 5 ERP software. Worldwide, 2018. Provider. URL:

https://blogs.gartner.com/debbie_wilson/files/2019/04/ERP-market-2018.jpg

3. ERP systems (world market). URL: https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/

4. Top 10 ERP Software Vendors. Market Size and Market Forecast 2019-2024. URL: https://www.appsruntheworld.com/top-10-erp-software-vendors-and-market-forecast/

5. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software market revenues worldwide from 2019 to 2024. URL: https://www.statista.com/statistics/605888/worldwide-enterprise-resource-planning-market-forecast/

6. ERP Software Market Size. URL: https://www.kbvresearch.com/erp-software-market/

7. 75% of Dutch organizations uses an ERP system, CRM is less used. URL:

75% of Dutch organizations uses an ERP system, CRM is less used

8. Enterprise management systems (ERP). Russian market. URL:

https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/

9. Roan Alexander. SAP HANA and S/4HANA – a simple guide. URL:

https://blogs.sap.com/2020/06/04/sap-hana-and-s-4-hana-a-simple-guide/

10. SAP S/4HANA. URL: https://learning.sap-press.com/sap-s4hana

DOI: 10.33917/es-1.187.2023.136-143

The author puts forward suggestions and recommendations on the formation of adaptive mechanisms for regulating pricing processes as an element of a single integrated system of economy state management and ensuring the balanced development of the RF regions. It is proposed to create a system for monitoring pricing processes, to form a price (tariff) fund based on the above system functioning, to modernize the structure of the pricing management elements and, as a legal basis for their implementation, to develop a draf t federal law on prices and pricing processes, which will consolidate the indicated directions for forming a regulation mechanism of pricing processes in the legal field.

References:

1. Filosofiya ekonomiki. Antologiya [Philosophy of Economics. Anthology]. Pod red. Deniela Khausmana. Moscow, Izd-vo Instituta Gaidara, 2012, 502 p.

2. Yaremenko Yu.V. Ekonomicheskie besedy. Zapis’ S.A. Belanovskogo [Economic Conversations. Recorded by S.A. Belanovsky]. Moscow, Tsentr issledovanii i statistiki nauki, 1998, 343 p.

3. Rossiya v tsifrakh. 2020: Kratkii stat. sb. [Russia in Figures. 2020: Brief Statistical Collection]. Rosstat. Moscow, 2020, 550 p.

4. Perevyshin Yu.N., Sinel’nikov-Murylev S.G., Skrobotov A.A., Trunin P.V. Analiz regional’noi differentsiatsii tsen [Analysis of Regional Price Differentiation]. Moscow, Delo, RANKhiGS, 2018, 72 p.

5. Stupnikova A.V. Prostranstvennye reaktsii tsen na rynkakh ovoshchei na ogranicheniya vneshnei torgovli [Spatial Price Responses in Vegetable Markets to Foreign Trade Restrictions]. Prostranstvennaya ekonomika, 2018, no 1, pp. 117–137.

6. Stupnikova A.V. Dinamika urovnya prostranstvennoi differentsiatsii tsen na prodovol’stvennye tovary v RF v 2013–2018 gg. [Dynamics of the Spatial Differentiation Level of Food Prices in the Russian Federation in 2013-2018]. Regional’naya ekonomika i upravlenie: elektronnyi nauchnyi zhurnal, 2019, no 2(58), pp. 1–15.

7. Yarkin E.V., Dolmatov I.A., Panova M.A., et al. Tarifnaya politika v Rossiiskoi Federatsii v otraslyakh kommunal’noi sfery: prioritety, problemy, perspektiva: Doklad k XXI Aprel’skoi mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii po problemam razvitiya ekonomiki i obshchestva. Moskva, 2020 g. [Tariff Policy of the Russian Federation in the Public Utilities Sectors: Priorities, Problems, Perspective: Report to the XXI April International Scientific Conference on the Problems of Economic and Social Development. Moscow, 2020]. Moscow, ID Vysshei shkoly ekonomiki, 2020, 174 p.

8. Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 13 maya 2017 g. no 208 “O Strategii ekonomicheskoi bezopasnosti Rossiiskoi Federatsii na period do 2030 goda” [Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2017 No. 208 “On the Strategy for the Economic Security of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030”]. SZ RF, 15.05.2017, no 20, st. 2902.

9. Kovalev A.V., Orlova L.N. Tsena kak nedootsenennyi parametr sistemy obespecheniya ekonomicheskoi bezopasnosti strany [Price as an Underestimated Parameter of the Country’s Economic Security System]. Vestnik Rossiiskogo ekonomicheskogo universiteta imeni G.V. Plekhanova, 2021, no 18(2), pp. 178–198.

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.189.2023.118-131

Based on diplomatic documents, a detailed picture of driving oil product suppliers – the Soviet companies, Derop and Derunaft – out from the German market during 1933 is restored. Soviet intelligence materials prove that one of the inspirers of this process can be considered the major Anglo-Dutch oil tycoon Henry Deterding, who in the course of the alleged “crusade” against the USSR, among other things hoped to seize the Caucasian oil fields.

References:

1. Morozov S.V. K voprosu o roli neftyanogo faktora v evropeiskikh mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniyakh v techenie 1933–1935 gg.: VII chteniya, posvyashchennye pamyati R.L. Yavorskogo: Materialy Vserossiiskoi nauchnoi konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem[On the question of the role of the oil factor in European international relations during 1933–1935: VII readings dedicated to the memory of R.L. Yavorsky. Materials of the All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation]. Novokuznetsk, RIO KuzGPA, 2011, 288 p.

2. Morozov S.V. Khronika vytesneniya sovetskoi nefti s germanskogo rynka v techenie 1933 g.: IX chteniya, posvyashchennye pamyati R.L. Yavorskogo: Materialy Vserossiiskoi (s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem) nauchnoi konferentsii[Chronicle of the displacement of Soviet oil from the German market during 1933: IX readings dedicated to the memory of R.L. Yavorsky. Materials of the All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation]. Novokuznetsk, RIO KuzGPA, 2013, 320 p.

3. Gekht E.V. Neft’ v politike Germanii (1933–1943) [Oil in German Politics (1933–1943)]. Avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk. Ekaterinburg, 2007. 22 s.

4. Medlicott W.N. The Economic Blockade. Vol. 1. L., Longmans, Green and Co., 1952, 756 p.

5. Birkenfeld W. Der synthetische Treibstoff 1933–1945: Ein Beitrag zur nationalsozialistischen Wirtschafts- und Rüstungspolitik. Göttingen, Berlin, Frankfurt, Musterschmidt-Verlag, 1964, 278 p.

6. Teichert E. Autarkie und Grossraumwirtschaft in Deutschland 1930–1939: Aussenwirtschaftpolitische Konzeptionen zwischen Wirtschaftskriese und Zwseitem Weltkrieg. München, Oldenburg, 1984, 390 p.

7. Mejcher H. Die Politik und das Öl im Nahen Osten. Bd. 2: Die Teilung der Welt 1938–1950. Stuttgart, Klett-Gotta, 1990, 490 p.

8. Karlsch R., Stockes G.R. Faktor Öl. Die Mineralölwirtschaft in Deutschland 1859–1974. München, C.H. Beck Verlag, 2003, 460 p.

9. Kockel T. Deutsche Ölpolitik 1928–1938. Berlin, Akademie Verlag GmbH, 2005, 393 p.

10. Klein B.H. Germany’s Economic Preparations for War. Cambridge Massachusets, Harvard University press, 1959, 272 p.

11. Friedwald E.M. Oil and the War. L., Heineman, 1941, 88 p.

12. Pеarton M. Oil and the Romanian State. Oxford, Clarendon press, 1971, 361 p.

13. Sesyuli R. IG Farbenindustri[IG Farbenindustri]. Moscow, Gos. izd-vo in-i lit-ry, 1948. 244 s.

14. Bruks M. Neft’ i vneshnyaya politika[Oil and foreign policy]. Moscow, Izd-vo in-i lit-ry, 1949, 173 p.