DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.119.2024.18-30

It is shown that the hydrogen economy is considered one of the key directions in the implementation of state decarbonization and carbon neutrality programs today. The technological and organizational and economic aspects of the production of environmentally friendly types of hydrogen are considered, depending on the method of production and the volume of carbon dioxide emissions, namely «green», «yellow», «blue», «turquoise», «brown» and «gray». It has been established that hydrogen technologies are the basis in the foundation of the future global economy, in which environmental protection issues come first, and as a result, the use of hydrogen will become a new driver of development.

It is shown that Russia has a huge potential for hydrogen production and export on a global scale. Therefore, hydrogen technologies are not only talked about in a positive way both at the largest Russian forums, but also as part of the discussion of innovative strategies of the largest Russian companies, but also move on to the practical implementation of a number of government programs and national projects.

References:

1. Borisova E.A. The development of hydrogen energy in the East. In the book: Economic, socio-political and ethno-confessional problems of Afro-Asian countrie, 2020. pp. 36–38.

2. Velikorossov.V., Genkin E.V., Filin S.A. The use of hydrogen energy to increase energy security and Gez transformation. National interests: priorities and security. 2023;19(8 (425)):1587–1600.

3. Volkov A.R., Makarenko E.D., Kim A.A. Hydrogen production from waste as a promising auxiliary vector for the development of hydrogen energy in the world. In the collection: Almanac of scientific works of young scientists of ITMO University. St. Petersburg, 2023. pp. 267–269.

4. Lebedkov R.K., Goryachev S.V. Hydrogen and alternative energy: past, present and future. Internauka. 2022;(13-3 (236)):18–20.

5. Plotnikov V.V., Aldoshina N.D. Hydrogen energy. Bulletin of scientific conferences. 2021;(4-3 (68)): 90–91.

6. Saitova A.A., Ilyinsky A.A., Dzhemilev E.R. Prospects for the development of hydrogen energy in the Russian Federation. Bulletin of the Perm University. Series: Economics. 2023;18(4):423–444.

7. Sokolov A.S. Hydrogen energy: the beginning of a long journey. In the book: Lomonosov readings. The history and modernity of physics (ISOF-2020), 2020. p. 70.

8. Chopanov D.A. Hydrogen energy as the future of the energy industry and renewable energy sources. Internauka. 2022;(15-3 (238)):44–45.           

9. Shevandronov N.A., Brostilova T.Yu., Brostilov S.A. Application of hydrogen energy in transport and small-scale energy facilities. Proceedings of the international symposium «Reliability and Quality». 2024. Vol. 2. pp. 140–142.

10. Amir F.A. The world hydrogen economy: opportunities and difficulties of use. In the collection: Russian regions in the focus of change. Yekaterinburg, 2023. pp. 703–708.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.119.2024.5-17

Todaу, a multi-level institutional structure has been established in the electric power industry in Russia. The analysis of the system of institutionalism in the Russian electric power industry and the identification of incentives for the development of renewable energy as a perspective area are important steps which help to understand the conditions for the development of renewable energy in Russia. The lack of a balanced and developed institutional environment can cause additional risks and instability in the energy industry, as well as hinder the investment attraction and new technologies in renewable energy.

References:

1. Auzan A.A. Institutional Economics: A New Institutional Economic Theory. M.: INFRA-M, 2011.

2. Acemoglu D., Robinson J. Why countries fail: the origin of power, prosperity and poverty. Moscow.: AST, 2012.

3. International Finance Corporation.  IFC, 2023.

4. Wind power. Rosatom. URL: https://www.rosatom.ru/production/vetroenergetika/

5. Novak said that the Russian Federation will be able to replace equipment for renewable energy sources within 2–3 years. Interfax. URL: https://www.interfax.ru/russia/897800

6. Auzan A.A., Doroshenko M.E., Kalyagin V.G. Institutional economics. New institutional economic theory. M.: Prospect, 2023.

7. Urinson Y.M., Kozhukhovsky I. S., Sorokin I.S. Reforming the Russian electric power industry: results and unresolved issues.  HSE Economic Journal. 2020;24(3)323–339.

8. Association «NP Market Council». URL: https://www.np-sr.ru/ru

9. Renewable Energy Development Association (ARVE). URL: https://rreda.ru/

10. The Future of Renewable Energy in Russia, XI Annual Conference. URL: https://events.vedomosti.ru/events/vie22

11. Veblen T. Theoria idle class. M.: Progress, 1984.

12. Electric vehicles. TAdviser. URL: https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/Статья: Electric vehicles _ (global _ market)

13. Nekrasova I.E., Krivorot D.V., Stepanenko R.M. Social and legal institutionalism of John Commons. Scientific news, 2022.

DOI: 10.33917/es-5.197.2024.138-143

DOI: 10.33917/es-5.197.2024.130-137

The present article is an essay dedicated to the life and work of mathematician Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov.

References:

1. Kolmogorov v vospominaniyakh: posvyashchaetsya 120-letiyu velikogo uchenogo Rossii, krupneyshego matematika XX veka Andreya Nikolaevicha Kolmogorova (25.IV.1903–20.X.1987) [Kolmogorov in Memories: Dedicated to the 120th Anniversary of the Great Russian Scientist, the Greatest Mathematician of the 20th Century Andrei Nikolaevich Kolmogorov (25.IV.1903–20.X.1987)]. Red.-sost. A.N. Shiryaev. Moscow, Izd-vo Moskovskogo tsentra nepreryvnogo matematicheskogo obrazovaniya, 2023, 576 p.

2. Dolgov K.M. Iz vospominaniy o moey uchebe v MGU i rektore akademike Ivane Georgieviche Petrovskom: V kn.: Dolgov K.M. Sila slova, mysli, obraza [From the Memories of my Studies at Moscow State University and the Rector, Academician Ivan Georgievich Petrovsky: Dolgov K.M. The Power of Words, Thoughts, Images]. Vol. 2. Moscow, Berlin, Direkt-Media, 2016, pp. 509–517.

DOI: 10.33917/es-5.197.2024.121-129

The article examines the driving forces that created, on the basis of the final documents of the Locarno Conference of 1925, the “legal mechanism for ‘pushing’ Germany to the East”. The actors in this process were located not only in Germany itself, but primarily outside its borders. The first group included a number of representatives of the ruling circles of Germany, in particular Chancellor Hans Luther and Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann, as well as representatives of industrial and financial circles, led by the protégé of the thalassocratic bankers, the German financier Hjalmar Schacht. The second group should include a certain part of the ruling circles of England (Austen Chamberlain, Edgar Vincent D’Abernon, etc.), the USA (President Calvin Coolidge, etc.), and France (Prime Minister Aristide Briand, etc.). The most significant role was played by financiers — director of the Bank of England Montagu Collett Norman and director of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York Benjamin Strong.

References:

1. Mackinder H.J. Democratic Ideals and Reality. A Study in the Politics of Reconstruction. London, Constable and Company Ltd, 1919, 273 p.

2. Morozov S.V. K voprosu o sozdanii v 1925 g. pravovogo mekhanizma “podtalkivaniya” Germanii na Vostok [On the Issue of the Creation in 1925 of a

Legal Mechanism for “Pushing” Germany to the East]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2016, no 412, Noyabr’, p. 84–88, available at: http://

journals.tsu.ru/vestnik/&journal_page=archive&id=1482

3. Nikonova S.V. Germaniya i Angliya ot Lokarno do Lozanny [Germany and England from Locarno to Lausanne]. Moscow, 1966, 345 p.

4. Spaight J.M. Pseudo-Security. L. — N.Y. — Toronto, 1928, 177 p.

5. Foreign Relations of the United States. Vol. I. Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1954, 1015 p.

6. D’Abernon, Viscount. Botschafter der Zeitwende. Bd. III. Leipzig, 1929–1930, 349 s.

7. Luther H. Politiker ohne Partei. Erinnerungen. Stuttgart, 1960, 437 p.

8. Lokarnskaya konferentsiya 1925 g. Dokumenty [Locarno Conference 1925. Documents]. Moscow, 1959, 512 p.

9. D’Abernon, Lord. An Ambassador of Peace. Pages from the Diary of Viscount d’Abernon. Vol. III. 1924–1926. London, 1930, 317 p.

10. Petrie Ch. The Life and Letters of the Right Honoured Sir Austen Chamberlain. Vol. II, London, 1940, 476 p.

11. Chicago Tribune. March 6, 1925.

12. World. May 10, 1925.

13. Dokumenty vneshney politiki SSSR [Documents of the USSR Foreign Policy]. Vol. VIII, Moscow, 1963, 864 c.

14. Times. March 19, 1925.

15. Peace in Our Time. Adresses on Europe and the Empire by the Right Hon. Sir Austen Chamberlain. London, 1928. 308 p.

16. New York Times. May 5, 1925.

17. Zimmerman L. Deutsche Aussenpolitik in der Ära der Weimarer Republik. Göttingen, 1958, 486 p.

18. New York Times. July 27, 1925.

19. New York Times. July 29, 1925.

20. New York Times. July 27, 1925.

21. Times. August 12, 1925.

DOI: 10.33917/es-5.197.2024.112-121

The article examines the issue of creation and development of offices organized by engineers in Russia at the turn of the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The subject of the study includes the questions regarding fortunes of office owners and their activities in various regions of the country, the question of how to build trusting relationships with clients. The author gives an example of conditions that allowed office owners to successfully develop their business.

References:

1. Yachmennikova N. Kogda v Rossii poyavitsya polnotsennaya otrasl’ bespilotnykh aviasistem [When will a Full-fledged Unmanned Aerial Systems Industry Appear in Russia?]. Rossiyskaya gazeta — Federal’nyy vypusk, 2023, 23 aprelya, no 88(9033).

2. Kommersant” [Kommersant]. 2023, 28 marta, no 52, p. 10, available at: https://kommersant.ekiosk.pro/?mid=42607

3. Karpova L.I. Osnovopolozhnik mirovoy aviatsii — Sikorskiy Igor’ Ivanovich [The Founder of World Aviation — Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky]. Vestnik nauki i obrazovaniya, 2020, no 13(91), part 1, p. 40.

4. Kirillova N. Glavnyy po santekhnike: kak zarabotat’ milliony na avariynykh i inzhenernykh uslugakh [Plumbing Chief: How to Make Millions on Emergency and Engineering Services]. biz360, 2019, 24 dekabrya, available at: https://biz360.ru/materials/glavnyy-po-santekhnike-kak-zarabotat-milliony-na-avariynykh-i-inzhenernykh-uslugakh

5. Zalesov V.G. Inzhenerno-stroitel’nye firmy v Sibiri v kontse XIX — nachale XX veka [Engineering and Construction Firms in Siberia in the Late 19th — Early 20th Centuries]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta, 2008, no 2(19), p. 6.

6. Vanaev V.S. Voda na kafedre: Ekologicheskoe obrazovanie i okhrana okruzhayushchey sredy. Tekhnicheskie universitety v formirovanii edinogo nauchno-tekhnologicheskogo i obrazovatel’nogo prostranstva SNG [Water at the Department: Environmental Education and Environmental Protection. Technical Universities in the Formation of a Unified Scientific, Technological and Educational Space in the CIS]. Moscow, MGTU im. N.E. Baumana, p. 83.

7. Khramchenko S.V. Uvazhaemye kollegi! [Dear Colleagues!]. Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaya tekhnika, 2014, no 6, p. 5.

8. Bogdanova O.V. Proektno-stroitel’nye i inzhenerno-tekhnicheskie firmy v blagoustroystve zapadnosibirskogo goroda kontsa XIX — nachala XX veka: Materialy Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii “Kul’tura gorodskogo prostranstva: vlast’, biznes i grazhdanskoe obshchestvo v sokhranenii i priumnozhenii kul’turnykh traditsiy Rossii”, Omsk, 12–13 noyabrya 2013 g. [Design, Construction and Engineering Firms in the Improvement of the West Siberian City of the Late 19th — Early 20th Centuries: Materials of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference “Culture of Urban Space: Government, Business and Civil Society in Preserving and Enhancing the Cultural Traditions of Russia.” Omsk, November 12–13, 2013]. Omsk, Nauka, 2013, pp. 81–86.

DOI: 10.33917/es-5.197.2024.106-111

DOI: 10.33917/es-5.197.2024.96-105

The authors have examined historical, social and economic foundations of the previously presented model of a cooperative economy, presented arguments in favour of a cooperative economy as civilizationally organic economic model for Russia.

References:

1. Pereslegin S.B. Tsivilizatsii v lyudyakh i kodakh [Civilizations in People and Codes]. Izborskiy klub, 2021, 17 fevralya, available at: https://izborsk-club.ru/20672

2. Toshchenko Zh.T. Prekariat. Ot protoklassa k novomu klassu [Precariat: From Protoclass to New Class]. Institut sotsiologii FNISTs RAN, RGGU, Moscow, Nauka, 2018, 346 p.

3. Stending G. Prekariat: novyy opasnyy klass [The Precariat: A New Dangerous Class]. Moscow, Ad Marginem Press, 2011.

4. Galushka A.S., Niyazmetov A.K., Okulov M.O. Kristall rosta. K russkomu ekonomicheskomu chudu [Crystal of Growth. Towards the Russian Economic Miracle]. Moscow, 2021.

5. Spitsyn E.Yu. Khrushchevskaya slyakot’. Sovetskaya derzhava v 1953–1964 gody [Khrushchev’s Slush. The Soviet State in 1953-1964]. Kontseptual, 2019.

6. Rezolyutsiya XX s”ezda KPSS. 24 fevralya 1956 g. Po otchetnomu dokladu TsK KPSS [Resolution of the 20th Congress of the CPSU. February 24, 1956. According to the Report of the Central Committee of the CPSU]. Elektronnaya biblioteka istoricheskikh dokumentov, available at: https://docs.historyrussia.org/ru/nodes/355234- rezolyutsiya-xx-sezda-kpss-24-fevralya-1956-g-po-otchetnomu-dokladu-tsentralnogo-komiteta-kpss-izvlechenie

7. Konstitutsiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii [Constitution of the Russian Federation]. Ofitsial’nyy internet-portal pravovoy informatsii. St. 7, p. 1, available at: http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102027595

8. Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii [Civil Code of the Russian Federation]. Konsul’tant. St. 1, available at: https://www.consultant.ru/ document/cons_doc_LAW_5142/

9. Marks K. Kapital [Capital]. Internet archive, vol. 3, part 1, available at: https://archive.org/details/1951-iiiKarl_Marx_1951_Kapital_Tom_3

10. Galimova L.N. Osobennosti mentaliteta kuptsa-staroobryadtsa [Peculiarities of the Mentality of the Old Believer Merchant]. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Povolzhskiy region. Gumanitarnye nauki, 2011, no 3(19), pp. 26–33.

11. Uest Dzh.L. Staroobryadtsy i predprinimatel’skaya kul’tura v tsarskoy Rossii: Istoricheskie khroniki [Old Believers and Entrepreneurial Culture in Tsarist Russia: Historical Chronicles]. Cyberleninka, available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/staroobryadtsy-i-predprinimatelskaya-kultura-vtsarskoy-rossii

DOI: 10.33917/es-5.197.2024.90-95

DOI: 10.33917/es-5.197.2024.80-89

The article proposes approaches to implementing a system of monitoring pricing processes in the strategy of state regulation and to assessing the effectiveness of such monitoring system. The author synthesizes the key functional blocks of a unified system for monitoring pricing processes and, on their basis, develops appropriate approaches. Such approaches, containing information about some participants in the system, legal acts that will require changes, as well as quantitative and qualitative indicators for assessing performance, demonstrate the potential and scale of a unified system for monitoring pricing processes.

References:

1. Kabmin planiruet vklyuchit’ elektroenergetiku v servis skvoznogo ustanovleniya tarifov na baze “Gostekha” [The Cabinet of Ministers Plans to Include the Electric Power Industry in the End-to-end Tariff Setting Service Based on Gostekh]. Kodeks, 2024, 1 avgusta, available at: https://cntd.ru/news/read/kabminplaniruet-vkliucit-elektroenergetiku-v-servis-skvoznogo-ustanovleniia-tarifov-na-baze-gostexa

2. Kovalev A.V. Formirovanie mekhanizma regulirovaniya protsessov tsenoobrazovaniya v sovremennoy ekonomike [Formation of a Mechanism for Regulating Pricing in the Modern Economy]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2023, no 3, pp. 136–143, DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-3.189.2023.136-143

3. Kovalev A.V., Orlova L.N., Domkin P.A., Sokolov S.M. Dialektika tseny i kontseptsiya sozdaniya edinoy sistemy monitoringa protsessov tsenoobrazovaniya v ekonomike: Monografiya [Dialectics of price and the Concept of Creating a Unified System for Monitoring Pricing Processes in the Economy: Monograph]. Moscow, INFRA-M, 2021, 189 p.

4. Afanas’ev M.P., Shash N.N. Instrumentariy otsenki effektivnosti byudzhetnykh program [Tools for Assessing the Effectiveness of Budget Programs]. Voprosy gosudarstvennogo i munitsipal’nogo upravleniya, 2013, no 3, pp. 48–69.

5. Gorshenin A.N., Gorshenina E.V. Klyuchevye pokazateli deyatel’nosti: ot strategii k real’no rabotayushchim pokazatelyam [Key Performance Indicators: from Strategy to Real-world Performance Indicators]. Ekonomicheskie issledovaniya, 2014, no 1.

6. Eremina G.A., Sobol’ O.V. Mesto izmereniya effektivnosti deyatel’nosti v sisteme upravleniya organizatsiey [The Place of Performance Measurement in the Organization’s Management System]. Upravlenie personalom i intellektual’nymi resursami v Rossii, 2017, vol. 6, no 2, pp. 29–33.

7. Kaplan R.S., Norton D.P. Organizatsiya, orientirovannaya na strategiyu. Kak v novoy biznes-srede preuspevayut organizatsii, primenyayushchie sbalansirovannuyu sistemu pokazateley [The Strategy-Focused Organization: How Balanced Scorecard Organizations Are Succeeding in the New Business Environment]. Moscow, Olimp-Biznes, 2004, XVIII, 392 p. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Natsional’noy elektronnoy biblioteki, available at: https://rusneb.ru/ catalog/000199_000009_002428994/

8. Neely A., Mills J., Platts K., Richards H., Gregory M., Bourne M., Kennerley M. Performance measurement system design: developing and testing a process-based approach. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 2000, vol. 20, no 10, pp. 1119–1145.