DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.108.2023.5-22

The article summarizes the experience of solving the problem of choosing priority directions for the development of science, technology and engineering in the USSR and Russia; approaches to the choice of these priorities in the context of the formation of a new model of management of the sphere of science and technology are discussed; a procedure for selecting priorities is proposed, focused on harmonizing the goals of the development of science and technology with the national development goals of the state.

References:

1. Forecast of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 (approved by the Government of the Russian Federation). URL: consultant.ru›document/cons_doc_LAW_157978/

2. Makarov V.L., Lvov D.S. et al. Priority Directions of Scientific and Technological Progress of the USSR and Ways of Their Implementation (Preprint). M.: TsEMI AN SSSR, 1991. 65 p.

3. Golichenko O.G., Obolenskaya L.V., Zudina A.B. A model for choosing the priorities of science and technology and critical technologies // Science in Russia: current state and strategy of revival. M.: Logos, 2004. Ser.: Scientific reports. Issue. 2.

4. Innovative priorities of the state / Ed. A. A. Dynkin and N. I. Ivanova. M.: Nauka, 2005. 274 p.

5. Mindeli L.E., Ostapyuk S.F., Fetisov V.P. Forecast and priorities of fundamental science in Russia. M.: IPRAN RAN, 2019. 312 p.

6. Shepelev G.V. On the priorities of scientific and technological development // Management of science: theory and practice. 2020;2(3)16-36. (In Russ.).

7. Federal Law of August 23, 1996 No. 127-FZ «On Science and State Scientific and Technical Policy». – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

8. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated July 7, 2011 No. 899 «On Approval of Priority Directions for the Development of Science, Technology and Engineering in the Russian Federation and the List of Critical Technologies of the Russian Federation». – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

9. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7, 2012 No. 599 «On measures to implement state policy in the field of education and science». – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

10. The State Program of the Russian Federation «Development of Science and Technology» (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 20, 2012 No. 2433-r). – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

11. The Program of Fundamental Scientific Research of State Academies of Sciences for 2013–2020 (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 3, 2012 No. 2237-r). – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

12. On decisions following the meeting of the Presidium of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for Strategic Development and Priority Projects (Minutes of the meeting of the Presidium of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for Strategic Development and Priority Projects dated October 1, 2016 No. 6). URL: http://government.ru/orders/selection/401/24826/

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.108.2023.23-28

At present, the direction of forming a strategy for managing the consumption of natural gas at an industrial enterprise is very relevant, since natural gas plays an important role in the fuel and energy balance and is a universal and environmentally friendly energy resource.

The authors’ research was based on a system analysis and synthesis of indicators of natural gas consumption by an industrial enterprise at the present stage of development. A conceptual approach to the formation of a strategy and management of natural gas consumption by an industrial enterprise is proposed, which allows evaluating the effectiveness of the formation of a natural gas consumption strategy, and makes it possible to consider not only the achieved technical and economic indicators and deviations from the planned ones, but also ways to eliminate these deviations.

References:

1. Aaker D. Strategic market management / Per. from English. ed. S.G. Bozhuk. St. Petersburg: Piter, 2011. 496 p.

2. Abdul Leyla. How Denmark Paved the Way to Energy Security. The Wall Street Journal. 2007. April 18. International Energy Agency Energy Data, Energy Balance Database.

3. Raju Navi. Lean Innovation: Smart Cost Technologies: [translated from English]. Moscow: Olimp – Business, 2018. 416 p.

4. Kirshina I.A. Formation of the mechanism of strategic management of natural gas consumption by industrial enterprises. Microeconomics. 2022;3:12-20. (In Russ.).

5. Koksharov V.A., Kirshina I.A. Conceptual approach to the formation of a strategy for the effective use of natural gas by an industrial enterprise. Bulletin of the Perm University. Ser. «Economy». 2020;15(4):587-606. (In Russ.).

6. Maksimov V. Each production has the potential to improve efficiency. Energorynok. 2010; 04(76):77-78. (In Russ.).

7. Nikiforov G.V., Zaslavets B.I. Energy saving at metallurgical enterprises. MSTU, 2000. 126 p.

8. Anufriev V.P. Ecological and economic assessment of the rational use of energy resources in the Kyoto Protocol system: diss. … Dr. Econ. Sciences / Anufriev Valery Pavlovich. Novosibirsk, 2006. 314 p.

9. Anufriev V.P. Energy efficiency is a complex problem. Academy of Energy. 2009;5 (31):36-40. (In Russ.).

10. Belyaev L.S. World energy: state, problems, prospects. M.: ID «Energy», 2007. 664 p.

11. Zhuravlev Yu., Sedelnikov S., Koptsev L. On the experience of OAO MMK in the field of energy saving // Energorynok. 2010;02(74):38-43. (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.108.2023.29-35

The article analyzes various research algorithms for studying the institutional foundations of the process of forming the value of modern business. The author focuses on the problem of disordered categories of this area of economic thought. In the scientific and regulatory literature, when describing economic phenomena and processes associated with the concept of “cost”, a number of categories are used (price, cost, cost, costs, economic value), which are often used as synonyms. The inaccuracy and uncertainty of the categorical apparatus within the framework of the issue under study are associated with institutional issues.

References:

1. Coase R. Firm, market and law [transl. from English: B. Pinsker]. Moscow: Liberal Mission Foundation: New Publishing House, 2007. 221 p. ISBN 978-5-98379-087-2.

2. Williamson O.I. Economic institutions of capitalism: Firms, markets, “relational” contracting: [transl. from English]; [Scientific ed. and intro. Art. V. S. Katkalo]. St. Petersburg: Lenizdat, 1996. 702 p. ISBN 5-289-01816-6.

3. North D. Institutions, institutional changes and the functioning of the economy. Persian. from English. A.N. Nesterenko; foreword and scientific ed. B.Z. Milner. Moscow: Fund of the economic book «Nachala», 1997. 180 p. ISBN 5-88581-006-0.

4. North D. Understanding the process of economic change. per. from English. K. Martynov, N. Edelman. Moscow: Ed. house of the State un-ta – Higher. school Economics, 2010. 253 p. ISBN 978-5-7598-0754-4.

5. Macmillan’s Dictionary of Modern Economic Theory / General ed. D.W. Pierce; per. from English. Moscow: INFRA-M, 1997. 608 p. ISBN 5-86225-453-6.

6. Dictionary of financial and economic terms / A.V. Sharkova, A.A. Kilyachkov, E.V. Markina and others; under total ed. M. A. Eskindarova. – 3rd ed. M.: Publishing and Trade Corporation «Dashkov and Co», 2020. 1168 p. ISBN 978-5-394-02995-0.

7. Osipov Yu.M. Theory of economy. Textbook in 3 volumes. Vol. 1: General grounds. Moscow: Moscow State University: TEIS, 1995. 458 p. ISBN 5-7218-0026-0.

8. Razberg B.A. Modern Economic Dictionary / Raizberg B. A., Lozovsky L. Sh., Starodubtseva E. B. – 2nd ed., corrected. Moscow: Ed. house «INFRA-M», 1998. 476 p. ISBN 5-86225-758-6.

9. Financial and credit encyclopedic dictionary = Finance and credit encyclopedic glossary / General. ed. A.G. Gryaznova. M.: Finance and statistics, 2004 (OAO Type. News). 1165 p. ISBN 5-279-02306-X.

10. Dictionary of the Russian language: 52000 words / Comp. S. I. Ozhegov; under total ed. acad. S. P. Obnorsky. – 2nd ed., Rev. and additional Moscow: State. foreign publishing house and national dictionaries, 1952. 848 p.

11. Osipov Yu.M. Theory of economy. Textbook in 3 volumes. Vol. 1: General grounds. Moscow: Moscow State University: TEIS, 1995. 458 p. ISBN 5-7218-0026-0.

12. New Philosophical Encyclopedia: in 4 volumes / Institute of Philosophy Ros. acad. Sciences, National social-scientific fund; Scientific-ed. advice: V. S. Stepin [and others]. Moscow: Thought, 2000-2001. ISBN 5-244-00961-3. URL: https://rus-philosophical-enc.slovaronline.com/

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.108.2023.36-45

The article presents the prerequisites for several bourgeois reforms in the 19th century on the territory of the Russian Empire, as well as the division of the bourgeoisie as a class of owners of means of production, that is, capital, into three groups – small, medium and large. Based on the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 204 adopted on May 07, 2018 «On national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024», it is concluded that the national project «Small and medium-sized entrepreneurship and support for individual entrepreneurial initiative», and including the corresponding goals and criteria for their achievement, are focused on the revival of the petty bourgeoisie as owners of capital.

The analysis of the five goals of this national project and the criteria for their achievement showed the expected (planned) annual dynamics of the development of this sector of the economy until 2024. Comparison of the funding volumes of the corresponding five federal projects that are part of the national project under study, from three sources of funding – the state federal budget, the consolidated budgets of the constituent entities (regions) of the Russian Federation, extra-budgetary funds, made it possible to identify the most priority federal projects in terms of funding volumes.

After analyzing the structures of agricultural production by peasant and individual households, the authors revealed a fairly clear division of production sectors between these two categories of farms.

References:

1. On national development goals and strategic tasks of the Russian Federation until 2024: Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 7 May 2018 (ver. of 19.07.2018). – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

2.    Passport of the national project «Small and Medium-sized Entrepreneurship and support for individual entrepreneurial initiative» (approved by the Presidium of the Presidential Council for Strategic Development and National Projects (Protocol No. 16 of December 24, 2018) URL: http://static.government.ru/media/files/qH8voRLuhAVWSJhIS8XYbZBsAvcs8A5t.pdf

3.    Babkina L.N., Skotarenko O.V. Features of the qualimetric approach in regional studies // Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University. Economic sciences. 2013;5 (180):161-165. (In Russ.).

4.    Vukovich G.G. Dialectics of the laws of the evolution of the natural system and the economic cyclicity of the development of society. Economics of sustainable development. 2011;3 (7):27-32. (In Russ.).

5.    Regions of Russia. Socioeconomic indicators – 2020. Official website of the Russian Federal State Statistics Service. URL:  https://rosstat.gov.ru/

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.108.2023.46-51

The relevance of the study is based on the need to find solutions to problematic issues of the priority strategic guidelines formation for the development of the industrial complex enterprises of the Republic of Tajikistan. The necessity of searching for ways to form and implement priority strategic guidelines for the development of the industrial complex enterprises of the Republic of Tajikistan, including through the development of innovative potential, is determined. The systematization of priority strategic guidelines for the economic development of the industrial complex of the republic is proposed, reflecting the relationship with the targets for achieving strategic and national objectives for the development of industry in Tajikistan.

References:

1. National Development Strategy of the Republic of Tajikistan for the period up to 2030. Dushanbe, 2016. 88 p. URL: https://www.mewr.tj/wp-content/uploads/files/National%20Development%20Strategy-2030_ru.pdf

2. Yudenko М.N., Voronina Е.V., Mikhailova М.V. Models and scenarios of the development of socio-economic systems // Microeconomics. 2021;4:5-14. (In Russ).

3. Strategy of innovative development of the Republic of Tajikistan for the period up to 2020. URL: https://ncpi.tj/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/руси.pdf

4. Ardzinov V.D., Chepachenko N.V., Leont’ev A.A. Breakthrough Technologies: New Directions in Economic and Social Development. Economics and Management. 2020;26(11):1227-1235. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2020-11-1227-1235

5. Rostov W. W.  The stages of economic growth. Economic History. Review. 1959;12(1):1-16.

6. Kochetkov S.V.  The innovative potential of an industrial enterprise: a monograph. St. Petersburg: SPbGUEF, 2011. 248 p. (In Russ).

7. Yudenko M.N., Goncharova М.S., Goibov К.А. The role of production potential in the formation of investment attractiveness of the region. Bulletin of the Faculty of Management. 2019;6:82-88. (In Russ).

8.  Аtabaeva F.А. Transformation of the mechanism of functioning of the industry of the Republic of Tajikistan // Engineering Bulletin of the Don. 2015;3 (37):118. (In Russ). URL: https://ncpi.tj/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/руси.  ivdon.ru/ru/magazine/archive/n3y2015/3114

9. Rasulov N.S. Investment attractiveness of industrial development of mineral raw materials and fuel and energy resources of the Republic of Tajikistan // Problems of modern economy. 2020;4(36). (In Russ).  URL: http://www.m-economy.ru/art.php?nArtId=3391

10. Petrov V.S. Theoretical and methodological foundations of ensuring the effectiveness of the development of industrial enterprises: monograph. Moscow: Prospect, 2015. 96 p. (In Russ).

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.108.2023.52-60

This article provides an analytical review of government programs and incentive projects for leading EU companies in the use of renewable energy sources (RES), hydrogen and recycling of municipal solid waste (MSW) under economic sanctions. It has been established that the federal government of Germany, as the leading EU country, as part of stimulating the use of renewable energy, has launched a series of public and public-private (with the involvement of large investors) projects and financing programs that are aimed at private households, as well as municipalities and companies. The 7 largest projects and programs for the use of renewable energy and hydrogen were analyzed, as well as the 6 largest projects and programs for the recycling of solid waste. It has been established that renewable energy sources have begun to play an important role in the structure of the energy balance of the entire European Union, in no way inferior to fossil fuels.

References:

1. Alekseev A.E., Novitsky I.Yu., Zhenzhebir V.N., Pshava T.S., Shestov A.V. International globalization and transformation of the concept of energy security. Online journal of Science Studies. 2015;7(6(31)):2. (In Russ).

2. Alekseev A.E., Novitsky I.Yu., Zhenzhebir V.N., Pshava T.S., Dadugin M.V. Energy security in the European Union: problems of «dependence» and development. Online journal of Science Studies. 2015;7(6 (31):3. (In Russ).

3. Vukovich N.A., Polyanskaya O.A. Bioenergy as a driver of green economy development in Russia. Beneficiary. 2020;4 (37):4-10. (In Russ).

4. Novitsky I.Yu., Alekseev A.E., Pshava T.S., Zhenzhebir V.N., Shestov A.V. Energy security as a factor of international development. Online journal of Science Studies. 2015;7(6(31)):69. (In Russ).

5. Novitsky I.Yu., Alekseev A.E., Zhenzhebir V.N., Pshava T.S., Shestov A.V. European business and energy security in the light of the global crisis. Online journal of Science Studies. 2015;7(6 (31)):70. (In Russ).

6. Polozhentseva I.V., Alekseev A.E., Novitsky I.Yu., Zhenzhebir V.N., Pshava T.S. The dilemma of the political elite of the European Union countries in the energy sector. Online journal of Science Studies. 2015;7(6 (31)):78. (In Russ).

7. Polyanskaya O.A., Tatarenko V.N. Economics and management of an energy enterprise. Textbook in the direction 13.03.01 «Heat power engineering and heat engineering» profile «Industrial heat power engineering». St. Petersburg, 2020.

8. Polyanskaya O.A. The future of bioenergy. Modern aspects of the economy. 2015;9 (217):8-10. (In Russ).

9. Stolyarova A.N., Shutov O.L., Mustafinova D.S. Problems of strategic management of the development of the fuel and energy complex of Russia. Bulletin of MIRBIS. 2022;1 (29):92-99. (In Russ).

10. Teslenko I.B., Prochnova A.A. Forecast scenarios for the development of energy markets. Economics and management: problems, solutions. 2020;3(11(107)):15-19. (In Russ).

11. Filatov V.V., Dorofeev A.Yu., Palastina I.P., Polozhentseva I.V., Tsarev A.A. The economy of Russia and the Eurozone: the current state and prospects of development. Online journal of Science Studies. 2015;7(2 (27)):78. (In Russ).

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.108.2023.61-66

The requirements for rational subsoil use stipulated by the Law of the Russian Federation «On Subsoil» do not fulfill their environmental role. The introduction of separate measures of economic impact on violators of the legislation of the Russian Federation on subsoil does not cover the main list of requirements of the law.  It is proposed to clarify the list of violations and strengthen responsibility for violation of the law and compensation for damages. The methodological justification of the assessment of the facts of violations is given.

References:

1. Melekhin E.S. Organizational and legal issues of regulation of subsoil use at the present stage. Oil, Gas, Law. 2013; 2:13-17. (In Russ.).

2. Melekhin E.S. Formation of a modern socio-economic system of rational subsoil use. Mine surveying and subsoil use. 2015;4:19-22. (In Russ.).

3. Law of the Russian Federation of February 21, 1992 No. 2395-1 «On Subsoil». URL: www.consultant.ru

4. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 4, 2013 No. 564 «On approval of the Rules for calculating the amount of damage caused to subsoil as a result of violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation on subsoil». URL: www.consultant.ru

5. Melekhin E.S., Omarov G.Z. On economic incentives for rational subsoil use. Mineral Resources of Russia. Economics and Management. 2018;1:44-47. (In Russ.).

6. Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part 1) dated November 30, 1994 No. 51-FZ. – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

7. Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses dated December 30, 2001 No. 195-FZ. – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

8. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 12, 2005 No. 293 «On Approval of the Regulations on State Supervision of Geological Survey, Rational Use and Protection of Subsoil». – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

9. Criminal Code of the Russian Federation of June 13, 1996 No. 63-FZ. – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.108.2023.67-73

Given the significant reserves and resources of natural gas, the potential for the development of the Russian economy at the present stage should be based mainly on the gas component of the fuel and energy balance. The article analyzes the state of reproduction of gas reserves in Russia and its rational use. The main trends in the development of the NGV market are considered, and the economic and environmental prospects for the use of compressed and liquefied natural gas as a NGV fuel are substantiated.

References:

1. State report «On the state and use of the mineral resource base of the Russian Federation in 2019». M.: MPR of Russia, 2020. 494 p.

2. State report «On the state and use of the mineral resource base of the Russian Federation in 2020». M.: MPR of Russia, 2021. 569 p.

3. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2014 No. 321 «Energy Development». – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

4. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 02.03.2020 No. 221 «State Program of the Russian Federation «Development of Energy» as amended on 10.18.2022 No. 1855». – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

5. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 18, 2021 No. 2352 «On Amendments to the State Program of the Russian Federation «Energy Development». – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

6. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 28, 2018 N 831-r (as amended on February 22, 2019) «On approval of the Strategy for the development of the automotive industry of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025». – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

7. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05.13.2020 No. 669 «On Approval of the Rules for Providing Subsidies from the Federal Budget to Manufacturers of Equipment Using Natural Gas as Motor Fuel». – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

8. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 29, 2021 No. 3052-r «Strategy for the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation with a low level of greenhouse gas emissions until 2050». – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

9. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated February 13, 2021 No. 350-r «Action plan («Road map») for the development of the market for small-scale liquefied natural gas and gas motor fuel in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025». – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

10. «Strategy for the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation with low greenhouse gas emissions until 2050» dated 10.29.2021 No. 3052-r. – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

11. Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2035 (approved by Order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1523-r dated June 9, 2020). – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.108.2023.74-84

This article discusses the organizational, economic and technological aspects of the processing of MSW into electricity in the leading EU countries under economic sanctions. The issues of using and applying foreign, in particular German experience in the field of state incentives for companies to use renewable energy sources in the energy sector and the processing of municipal solid waste were considered. It has been established that over the past three decades, the consumption of brown coal in the fuel and energy complex of Germany has decreased from 21 to 8%, hard coal from 15 to 8%, and the use of nuclear energy has decreased from 11 to 6%, while gas consumption has increased from 11 to 25%. It has been revealed that over the past few years Germany has been the leader in the EU in terms of MSW recycling and the share of waste return to the economic turnover in Germany is 66%, while in the EU countries this figure does not exceed 46% on average. In particular, in Germany, electronic industry waste is 100% recycled, and waste paper, cardboard and glass are recycled by more than 85%. The German technology of MSW processing is analyzed, which allows the most efficient use of organic waste for the production of renewable energy sources, including biogas and fertilizers for agriculture.

References:

1. Alekseev A.E., Novitsky I.Yu., Zhenzhebir V.N., Pshava T.S., Shestov A.V. International globalization and transformation of the concept of energy security. Online journal of Science Studies. 2015;7(6(31)):2. (In Russ).

2. Alekseev A.E., Novitsky I.Yu., Zhenzhebir V.N., Pshava T.S., Dadugin M.V. Energy security in the European Union: problems of «dependence» and development. Online journal of Science Studies. 2015;7(6 (31)):3. (In Russ).

3. Bondarenko A.M., Kachanova L.S., Chelbin S.M. Technological bases of the production process of humic organomineral fertilizers. Far Eastern Agrarian Bulletin. 2022;16(4):93-99. (In Russ).

4. Bondarenko A.M., Kachanova L.S., Baryshnikov A.V. Determination of technological and design parameters of a brush auger for processing liquid manure as part of a mobile installation. International Agricultural Journal. 2022;65(3). (In Russ).

5. Vukovich N.A., Polyanskaya O.A. Bioenergy as a driver of green economy development in Russia. Beneficiary. 2020;4 (37):4-10. (In Russ).

6. Gromova O.N., Papoyan A.N. Experience of organization of solid household waste management abroad. Journal of Management Studies. 2019;5(2):3-6. (In Russ).

7. Golovanov V.I. The role of ecology in the sustainable development of society: dialectics and retrospective. Monograph. Moscow, Publishing House: LLC «MAX Press», 2021.

8. Golovanov V.I., Kirnarskaya S.V., Anfimova A.Yu. Prospects for the implementation of programs for the collection and processing of household waste. In the collection: Strategic directions in the regions: ecological, economic and social aspects. Materials of the international scientific and practical conference. Editor-in-chief: A.V. Antonov, 2019. pp. 180-189.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.108.2023.85-92

The scientific article presents the directions for the development of a competitive market in the service sector on the example of tourist services of the Republic of Tatarstan. The specifics of the market are reflected, key tasks are identified, and a rating of the most popular business ideas (startups) in the region is presented.

References:

1. Zarutskaya V.S. Development of the tourist market in Russia: problems and potential. Theoretical and applied economics. 2021;1:21-38. (In Russ.).

2. Zhukovskaya I.V. The specifics of the study of the service market on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. Microeconomics. 2020;5:93-98. (In Russ.).

3. Ragimkhanov A.V. The effect of synergy in the study of the competitiveness of enterprises on the example of the subjects of the tourist destination of the Republic of Tatarstan / A.V. Ragimkhanov, I.V. Zhukovskaya // Microeconomics. 2022; 4:80-85. (In Russ.).