DOI: 10.33917/es-3.189.2023.108-117

Definition of biological weapons is given, periodization of its creation and use is presented. The author draws an analogy between the war crimes aimed at destruction of civilians and war prisoners during the Second W orld War and at the present time. The connection of Nazism and neo-Nazism with biological crimes against humanit y is revealed.

References:

1. Zaitsev A.I. Ostorozhno: biologicheskaya voina [Caution: Biological Warfare]. Zashchita i bezopasnost’, 2020, no 3, pp. 24.

2. Velikaya Otechestvennaya voina 1941–1945 gg.: Dokumenty i materialy, vol. Х. Osvobozhdenie Krasnoi Armiei [The Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945: Documents and materials. T. H. Liberation by the Red Army]. Pod obshch. red. S.K. Shoigu. Moscow, 2017, 463 p.

3. Kontslagerya — zhizn’ v adu [Concentration Camps – Living in Hell]. Alye parusa, 2012, 15 maya, available at: https://nsportal.ru/ap/library/drugoe/2012/05/11/kontslagerya-zhizn-v-adu.

4. Palivoda S. Tragediya i podvig Bukhenval’da [Tragedy and the feat of Buchenwald]. L’vov, Svit, 1990, 285 p.

5. Vakhsman N. Istoriya natsistskikh kontslagerei [History of Nazi Concentration Camps]. Moscow, Tsentrpoligraf, 2019, 877 p.

Biologicheskoe oruzhie i biologicheskii terrorizm. Zashchita ot biologicheskogo oruzhiya voisk, naseleniya i etapov meditsinskoi evakuatsii [Biological Weapons and Biological Terrorism. Protection of Troops, Population and Medical Evacuation Stages Against Biological Weapons]. MED-REF.BY, available

at: https://med-ref.by/referati_mes/2729-referat-biologicheskoe-oruzhie-i-biologicheskiy-terrorizm-zaschita-ot-biologicheskogo-oruzhiya-voysk-naseleniyai-etapov-medicinskoy-evakuacii.html.

V Rossii zayavili o nachale biologicheskoi voiny [In Russia the beginning of Biological Warfare was Announced]. Dzen, 2020, 2 maya, available at: https://dzen.ru/a/Xq1TC2jzBlqJIiU6.

Geneticheskoe oruzhie [Genetic Weapons]. Akademiya Alekseeva, available at: https://aleksejev.ru/free_portfolio/1252/22393/?p=3.

Konventsiya o zapreshchenii razrabotki, proizvodstva i nakopleniya zapasov bakteriologicheskogo (biologicheskogo) i toksinnogo oruzhiya i ob ikh unichtozhenii [Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on

their Destruction]. Ofitsial’nyi sait OON, 1971, 16 dekabrya, available at: https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/bacweap.shtml.

Konovalov P.P., Arsent’ev O.V., Buyanov A.L., Nizovtseva S.A., Maslyakov V.V. Primenenie biologicheskogo oruzhiya: istoriya i sovremennost’ [Use of Biological Weapons: the History and the Present]. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya, 2014, no 6, p. 1170.

Supotnitskii M.V. Zhivaya smert’: chto takoe biologicheskoe oruzhie [Living Death: what is a Biological Weapon]. Populyarnaya mekhanika, 2018, no 1, pp. 74–77.

Tan U. Khimicheskoe i bakteriologicheskoe (biologicheskoe) oruzhie i posledstviya ego vozmozhnogo primeneniya: Doklad na XXIV sessii General’noi Assamblei OON [Chemical and Bacteriological (Biological) Weapons and the Consequences of Their Possible Use: Report to the XXIV Session of the UN

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.189.2023.5

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.189.2023.118-131

Based on diplomatic documents, a detailed picture of driving oil product suppliers – the Soviet companies, Derop and Derunaft – out from the German market during 1933 is restored. Soviet intelligence materials prove that one of the inspirers of this process can be considered the major Anglo-Dutch oil tycoon Henry Deterding, who in the course of the alleged “crusade” against the USSR, among other things hoped to seize the Caucasian oil fields.

References:

1. Morozov S.V. K voprosu o roli neftyanogo faktora v evropeiskikh mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniyakh v techenie 1933–1935 gg.: VII chteniya, posvyashchennye pamyati R.L. Yavorskogo: Materialy Vserossiiskoi nauchnoi konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem[On the question of the role of the oil factor in European international relations during 1933–1935: VII readings dedicated to the memory of R.L. Yavorsky. Materials of the All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation]. Novokuznetsk, RIO KuzGPA, 2011, 288 p.

2. Morozov S.V. Khronika vytesneniya sovetskoi nefti s germanskogo rynka v techenie 1933 g.: IX chteniya, posvyashchennye pamyati R.L. Yavorskogo: Materialy Vserossiiskoi (s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem) nauchnoi konferentsii[Chronicle of the displacement of Soviet oil from the German market during 1933: IX readings dedicated to the memory of R.L. Yavorsky. Materials of the All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation]. Novokuznetsk, RIO KuzGPA, 2013, 320 p.

3. Gekht E.V. Neft’ v politike Germanii (1933–1943) [Oil in German Politics (1933–1943)]. Avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk. Ekaterinburg, 2007. 22 s.

4. Medlicott W.N. The Economic Blockade. Vol. 1. L., Longmans, Green and Co., 1952, 756 p.

5. Birkenfeld W. Der synthetische Treibstoff 1933–1945: Ein Beitrag zur nationalsozialistischen Wirtschafts- und Rüstungspolitik. Göttingen, Berlin, Frankfurt, Musterschmidt-Verlag, 1964, 278 p.

6. Teichert E. Autarkie und Grossraumwirtschaft in Deutschland 1930–1939: Aussenwirtschaftpolitische Konzeptionen zwischen Wirtschaftskriese und Zwseitem Weltkrieg. München, Oldenburg, 1984, 390 p.

7. Mejcher H. Die Politik und das Öl im Nahen Osten. Bd. 2: Die Teilung der Welt 1938–1950. Stuttgart, Klett-Gotta, 1990, 490 p.

8. Karlsch R., Stockes G.R. Faktor Öl. Die Mineralölwirtschaft in Deutschland 1859–1974. München, C.H. Beck Verlag, 2003, 460 p.

9. Kockel T. Deutsche Ölpolitik 1928–1938. Berlin, Akademie Verlag GmbH, 2005, 393 p.

10. Klein B.H. Germany’s Economic Preparations for War. Cambridge Massachusets, Harvard University press, 1959, 272 p.

11. Friedwald E.M. Oil and the War. L., Heineman, 1941, 88 p.

12. Pеarton M. Oil and the Romanian State. Oxford, Clarendon press, 1971, 361 p.

13. Sesyuli R. IG Farbenindustri[IG Farbenindustri]. Moscow, Gos. izd-vo in-i lit-ry, 1948. 244 s.

14. Bruks M. Neft’ i vneshnyaya politika[Oil and foreign policy]. Moscow, Izd-vo in-i lit-ry, 1949, 173 p.

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.189.2023.6-15

Key parameters of attacks directions on the Russian economy and forecasts of the expected results, which previously have inspired confidence in Western states that political regime would inevitability fall, which stimulated the US and EU sanctions activity, were developed by a number of authoritative Western expert structures. Western strategies for collapsing the Russian economy in 2022–2023 with the help of sanctions, formed on the basis of these forecasts, did not bring the desired result. At the same time, alternative forecasts of a group of Russian scientists from the CEMI RAS and their Chinese colleagues on stability of the economies of Russia and China in the event of a friendly policy in the context of trade wars with the US and the EU, made in 2019, were fully confirmed. At the core of these forecasts there are analytical tools based on agent modeling.

References:

1. Ageev A.I., Loginov E.L. Mirovoe soobshchestvo v usloviyakh sverkhkriticheskoi bifurkatsii Upravlenie slozhnymi organizatsionnymi i tekhnicheskimi sistemami v usloviyakh sverkhkriticheskikh situatsii: Materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii [World Community in Conditions of Supercritical Bifurcation: Management of Complex Organizational and Technical Systems in Conditions of Supercritical Situations: Proceedings of the international scientific and practical conference]. Moscow, INES, 2022, pp. 9–12.

2. Ageev A.I., Loginov E.L. Novaya bol’shaya voina: khroniki khorosho zabytogo budushchego [New Large-Scale War: Chronicles of Well Forgotten Future]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2014, vol. 16, no 6–7(122–123), pp. 16–33.

3. Makarov V.L., Vu Ts., Vu Z., Khabriev B.R., Bakhtizin A.R. Mirovye torgovye voiny: stsenarnye raschety posledstvii [World Trade Wars: Scenario Calculations of Consequences]. Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii nauk, 2020, vol. 90, no 2, pp. 169–179.

4. Makarov V.L., Vu Ts., Vu Z., Khabriev B.R., Bakhtizin A.R. Sovremennye instrumenty otsenki posledstvii mirovykh torgovykh voin [Modern Tools for Assessing the Effects of World Trade Wars]. Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii nauk, 2019, vol. 89, no 7, pp. 745–754.

5. Tsigas M., McDaniel C., Schropp S., Mahlstein K. Potential economic effects of sanctions on Russia: An Allied trade embargo. Voxeu.org, 2022, available at: https://voxeu.org/article/potential-economic-effects-allied-trade-embargo-russia.

6. Mahlstein K., McDaniel C., Schropp S., Tsigas M. Estimating the economic effects of sanctions on Russia: An Allied trade embargo. The World Economy, 2022, no 45, pp. 3344–3383, available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.13311.

7. Bryan R., Johnson G., Sytsma T., Priebe M. Does the U.S. Economy Benefit from U.S. Alliances and Forward Military Presence? Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2022, available at: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA739-5.

8. Bolhuis A. Marijn, Jiaqian Chen, Benjamin Kett. Fragmentation in Global Trade: Accounting for Commodities. IMF Working Paper. 2023. No. WP 23/73.

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.189.2023.16-23

Economic-legal relations in organizing extraction and turnover of minerals was studied, typical economic strategies for organizations of the extractive sector of the economy were identified, effectiveness of implementing the portfolio strategies in the largest coal mining companies of Russia was shown, assessment of investments in the strategic innovation portfolio of an organization of the extractive sector of the Russian economy was proposed.

References:

1. Artov A.M., Laperdina T.G., Strizhova T.A., Khotuleva M.V., Chechetkin V.A., Perfil’eva E.V. Instrumenty strategicheskoi ekologicheskoi otsenki dlya planirovaniya razvitiya gornodobyvayushchei promyshlennosti v Rossii [Strategic Environmental Assessment Tools for Planning the Development of the Mining Industry in Russia]. Metodich. posobie. Moscow, Novokuznetsk, 2020, 132 p.

2. IM-EX.INFO. Informatsionno-analiticheskaya kompaniya [Sait], available at: http://imex.info/?_openstat=ZGlyZWN0LnlhbmRleC5ydTs2NTQ2OTY2MzsxMjQ3MDA2ODQxNzt5YW5kZXgucnU6cHJlbWl1bQ&yclid=6963604192633815039/

3. Petrenko I.E. Itogi raboty ugol’noi promyshlennosti Rossii za 2021 [The Results of the Work of the Coal Industry in Russia for 2021]. Ugol’, 2022, no 3, pp. 9–23.

4. OOO “El’gaugol” [Elgaugol LLC]. Integrum. Proverka kontragenta, available at: https://contragent.integrum.ru/ul/accounting/7550562.

5. Stolbova N.F., Isaeva E.R. Petrologiya uglei [Petrology of Coals]. Ucheb. Posobie. Tomskii politekhnicheskii universitet, Tomsk, Izd-vo Tomskogo politekhnicheskogo un-ta, 2013, 77 p.

6. Kholodov V.N. Tipy katageneticheskikh transformatsii v stratisfere i osadochnye poleznye iskopaemye [Types of Catagenetic Transformations in the Stratisphere and Sedimentary Minerals]. Uchenye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta, vol. 153, book 4. Kazan’, 2011, pp. 16–53.

7. Perechen’ investitsionnykh proektov, napravlennykh na realizatsiyu Programmy razvitiya ugol’noi promyshlennosti Rossii na period do 2035 goda. Prilozhenie 8 [List of Investment Projects Aimed at Implementing the Russian Coal Industry Development Program for the Period up to 2035. Appendix No. 8.]. Normativnye i sudebnye akty RF, available at: https://sudact.ru/law/rasporiazhenie-pravitelstva-rf-ot-13062020-n-1582-r/programma-razvitiia-ugolnoipromyshlennosti-

rossii/prilozhenie-n-8/

8. Ermakova N.M. Privlechenie inostrannykh investitsii v neftegazodobyvayushchuyu promyshlennost’ Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Attracting Foreign Investment in the Oil and Gas Industry of the Russian Federation]. Problemy rynochnoi ekonomiki, 2019, no 1, pp. 37–43.

9. Sirotkin S.A., Kel’chevskaya N.R. Ekonomicheskaya otsenka investitsionnykh proektov: Ucheb. dlya studentov vuzov, obuchayushchikhsya po spetsial’nosti “Ekonomika i upravlenie na predpriyatiyakh (po otraslyam)” [Economic Evaluation of Investment Projects: a Textbook for University Students Studying in the Specialty “Economics and Management at Enterprises (by industry)”]. 3-e izd., pererab. i dop. Moscow, Yuniti-Dana, 2011, 311 p.

DOI: 10.33917/es-1.187.2023.136-143

The author puts forward suggestions and recommendations on the formation of adaptive mechanisms for regulating pricing processes as an element of a single integrated system of economy state management and ensuring the balanced development of the RF regions. It is proposed to create a system for monitoring pricing processes, to form a price (tariff) fund based on the above system functioning, to modernize the structure of the pricing management elements and, as a legal basis for their implementation, to develop a draf t federal law on prices and pricing processes, which will consolidate the indicated directions for forming a regulation mechanism of pricing processes in the legal field.

References:

1. Filosofiya ekonomiki. Antologiya [Philosophy of Economics. Anthology]. Pod red. Deniela Khausmana. Moscow, Izd-vo Instituta Gaidara, 2012, 502 p.

2. Yaremenko Yu.V. Ekonomicheskie besedy. Zapis’ S.A. Belanovskogo [Economic Conversations. Recorded by S.A. Belanovsky]. Moscow, Tsentr issledovanii i statistiki nauki, 1998, 343 p.

3. Rossiya v tsifrakh. 2020: Kratkii stat. sb. [Russia in Figures. 2020: Brief Statistical Collection]. Rosstat. Moscow, 2020, 550 p.

4. Perevyshin Yu.N., Sinel’nikov-Murylev S.G., Skrobotov A.A., Trunin P.V. Analiz regional’noi differentsiatsii tsen [Analysis of Regional Price Differentiation]. Moscow, Delo, RANKhiGS, 2018, 72 p.

5. Stupnikova A.V. Prostranstvennye reaktsii tsen na rynkakh ovoshchei na ogranicheniya vneshnei torgovli [Spatial Price Responses in Vegetable Markets to Foreign Trade Restrictions]. Prostranstvennaya ekonomika, 2018, no 1, pp. 117–137.

6. Stupnikova A.V. Dinamika urovnya prostranstvennoi differentsiatsii tsen na prodovol’stvennye tovary v RF v 2013–2018 gg. [Dynamics of the Spatial Differentiation Level of Food Prices in the Russian Federation in 2013-2018]. Regional’naya ekonomika i upravlenie: elektronnyi nauchnyi zhurnal, 2019, no 2(58), pp. 1–15.

7. Yarkin E.V., Dolmatov I.A., Panova M.A., et al. Tarifnaya politika v Rossiiskoi Federatsii v otraslyakh kommunal’noi sfery: prioritety, problemy, perspektiva: Doklad k XXI Aprel’skoi mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii po problemam razvitiya ekonomiki i obshchestva. Moskva, 2020 g. [Tariff Policy of the Russian Federation in the Public Utilities Sectors: Priorities, Problems, Perspective: Report to the XXI April International Scientific Conference on the Problems of Economic and Social Development. Moscow, 2020]. Moscow, ID Vysshei shkoly ekonomiki, 2020, 174 p.

8. Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 13 maya 2017 g. no 208 “O Strategii ekonomicheskoi bezopasnosti Rossiiskoi Federatsii na period do 2030 goda” [Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2017 No. 208 “On the Strategy for the Economic Security of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030”]. SZ RF, 15.05.2017, no 20, st. 2902.

9. Kovalev A.V., Orlova L.N. Tsena kak nedootsenennyi parametr sistemy obespecheniya ekonomicheskoi bezopasnosti strany [Price as an Underestimated Parameter of the Country’s Economic Security System]. Vestnik Rossiiskogo ekonomicheskogo universiteta imeni G.V. Plekhanova, 2021, no 18(2), pp. 178–198.

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.189.2023.24-35

Situation in the country and the world is so complex and uncertain that it is practically impossible to imagine simple, proven forms and tools of management that were used earlier. In response to this challenge, an “engineering approach” is proposed as a synthesis of social and scientific-technological engineering. As the main line for practical application of this approach in the conditions of Russia, the concept of forming the core of strategic action subject within the framework of a new type of social organization, the “Public Engineering Park”, is discussed.

References:

1. Fursov A. Na poroge novogo mira — est’ li sub’ekt strategicheskogo deistviya? ili Zheleznye trebovaniya istoricheskogo protsessa [On the Threshold of a New World — is there a Subject of Strategic Action? or Iron Requirements of the Historical Process]. Sait Andreya Fursova, available at: http://andreyfursov.ru/news/na_poroge_novogo_mira_est_li_subekt_strategicheskogo_dejstvija_ili_zheleznye_trebovan ija_istoricheskogo_processa/2011-03-13-8.

2. Smirnov E.P. Stanet li Rossiya vysokotekhnologichnoi stranoi? [Will Russia Become a High-tech Country?]. Nezavisimaya gazeta, 2003, 12 fevralya, available at: https://www.ng.ru/science/2003-02-12/13_technology.html.

3. Bannykh O. Fabrika intellektual’nogo spetsnaza [Factory of Intellectual Special Forces]. Ekspert. Ural, 2004, 2 fevralya, available at: https://expert.ru/ural/2004/04/04ur-unauk_66655/

4. Smirnov E.P. Rossiya snova na pereput’e. Konkurentosposobnost’ ili degradatsiya: Interv’yu [Russia is at a Crossroads Again. Competitiveness or Degradation: Interview]. Budushchaya Rossiya, 2011, 12 maya, available at: https://futurerussia.ru/extranet/blogs/smirnoff/58/?sphrase_id=441346.

5. Vil’yams Dzh.D. Sovershennyi strateg, ili Bukvar’ po teorii strategicheskikh igr [Perfect Strategist or Primer on the Theory of Strategic Games]. Moscow, Sovetskoe Radio, 1960, 266 p.

6. Smirnov E.P. Media proekt “Balans interesov” [Media Project “Balance of Interests”]. Budushchaya Rossiya, available at: https://futurerussia.ru/upload/iblock/647/Mediaproekt.pdf.

7. Smirnov E.P. Platforma upravleniya razvitiem. Kak naiti balans interesov gosudarstva, biznesa i naseleniya v protsesse formirovaniya I realizatsii programm razvitiya? Inzhenernyi podkhod: Trudy Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii “Institutsional’nye i finansovye mekhanizmy razvitiya territorial’nykh klasterov i tekhnologicheskikh platform”, g. Dubna, 11–12 noyabrya, 2016 g. [Development Management Platform. How to Find a Balance of Interests of the State, Business and Population in the Process of Formation and Implementation of Development Programs? Engineering Approach: Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference “Institutional and Financial Mechanisms for the Development of Territorial Clusters and Technological Platforms”, Dubna, November 11–12, 2016]. Budushchaya Rossiya, available at: http://futurerussia.ru/upload/iblock/647/Smirnov%20EP_doklad_Dubna.pdf.

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.189.2023.36-41

The analysis of the market of sequencing technologies was carried out, the factors accelerating and hindering its development were identified. Separate developments of equipment for molecular genetic analysis, carried out by the Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences in conjunction with LLC Sintol are presented in the article. The existing scientific and technical background and the potential of organizations allows for the rapid import substitution of a number of key instruments and devices for genetic research, including those with the necessary reagent base.

References:

1. Global DNA Sequencing: Research, Applied and Clinical Markets, available at: https://www.bccresearch.com/market-research/biotechnology/dna-sequencing-emerging-tech-applications-report.html#:~:text=The%20global%20market%20for%20DNA,the%20period%20of%202021-2026.

2. DNA Sequencing Market Size USD 16.81 Billion by 2030, available at: https://www.vantagemarketresearch.com/industry-report/dna-sequencing-market-1896.

3. Growth Trends, Report 2030, available at: https://www.strategicmarketresearch.com/market-report/dna-sequencing-market.

4. Whole Genome Sequencing cost 2023, available at: https://3billion.io/blog/whole-genome-sequencing-cost-2023#:~:text=The%20cost%20of%20 a%20human, today%20it%20is%20approximately%20%24600.

5. Kurochkin V.E., Alekseev Ya.I., Petrov D.G., Evstrapov A.A. Otechestvennyye pribory dlya molekulyarno-geneticheskogo analiza: razrabotki IAP RAN i OOO “Sintol” [Domestic devices for molecular genetic analysis: developments of the IAP RAS and LLC “Sintol»]. Izvestiya Rossiyskoy Voyenno-meditsinskoy akademii. 2021, vol. 40, no 3, pp. 69–74.

6. Genetic analyzer Nanofor® 05, available at: http://iairas.ru/nanofor05.php.