DOI: 10.33917/es-3.189.2023.62-69

The author analyzes methods of cryptocurrency evaluation existing in foreign practice. Applicability of the comparative, income and cost approaches used in valuation activities, as well as possible methods within each of the approaches, is explored. It is determined that within the income approach, the discounted cash flow model and the exchange equation are applicable. The comparative approach involves the classic comparison of sales, while the cost approach contains two methods based on actual (energy cost method) and forecast (stock-flow ratio method) data.

References:

1. Kriptovalyuty: trendy, riski, mery: Doklad dlya obshchestvennykh konsul’tatsii [Cryptocurrencies: Trends, Risks, Measures: Public Consultation Report].

Moscow, Bank Rossii, 2022, available at: https://cbr.ru/Content/Document/File/132241/Consultation_Paper_20012022.pdf.

2. Nakamoto S. Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. Combining and Splitting Value, 2008, no 9.

3. Grazhdanskii kodeks Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Civil Code of the Russian Federation]. Garant, available at: https://base.garant.ru/10164072/

4. Medium [Informational portal], available at: https://medium.com.

5. Kyriazis N., Papadamou S., Corbet Sh. A systematic review of the bubble dynamics of cryptocurrency prices. Research in International Business and Finance, 2020.

6. Cong Lin William, Ye Li, Neng Wang. Tokenomics: Dynamic adoption and valuation. The Review of Financial Studies, 2021.

7. Zhang Junhuan, Xu Yunqing. Cryptocurrency price bubble detection using log-periodic power law model and wavelet analysis. SSRN Papers, 2021.

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.189.2023.58-61

The issue of priorities in science is discussed in comparison with L.N. Tolstoy’s formulation of this problem. Problems posed by L.N. Tolstoy, are addressed by the sciences of natural-humanitarian synthesis, which study the “nature — man — society” system. The main function of new sciences is to explore the issue of a man, conditions for selfpreservation and development of mankind as a whole. The change of priorities in the science of the 21st century is inevitable: from natural sciences to the sciences of natural-humanitarian synthesis.

References:

1. Golubev V.S. Priroda — chelovek — obshchestvo: razvitie i garmoniya [Nature — Man — Society: Development and Harmony]. Moscow, Lenand, 2016.

2. Golubev V.S. Garmoniya spaset mir [Harmony will Save the World]. Moscow, Lenand, 2017.

3. Golubev V.S. V poiskakh garmonii [In Search of Harmony]. Moscow, Lenand, 2022.

4. Bushuev V.V., Golubev V.S. Osnovy ergodinamiki [Fundamentals of Ergodynamics]. Moscow, Energiya, 2003; 2-e izd., Moscow, Lenand, 2012.

5. Bushuev V.V., Golubev V.S., Orlov I.B. Vvedenie v sistemnuyu teoriyu kapitala [Introduction to the System Theory of Capital]. Moscow, Lenand, 2013.

6. Bushuev V.V., Golubev V.S., Tarko A.M. Strukturnaya energiya kak potentsial razvitiya. Mir i Rossiya [Structural Energy as a Development Potential. World and Russia]. Moscow, Lenand, 2014.

7. Golubev V.S. Vvedenie v sinteticheskuyu evolyutsionnuyu ekologiyu [Introduction to Synthetic Evolutionary Ecology]. Moscow, Papirus Pro, 2001.

8. Golubev V.S., Kurakov A.L., Timiryasova A.V. Chelovekovedenie [Human Studies]. Ucheb.-metodich. posobie. M.: IAEP; Kazan’: Poznanie, 2014.

9. Bushuev V.V., Golubev V.S. Estestvenno-nauchnye osnovy sotsial’nogo gumanizma [Natural-scientific Foundations of Social Humanism]. Moscow, Lenand, 2018.

10. Golubev V.S. Ocherki sotsial’nogo gumanizma. 3. O glavnom prioritete nauki: L.N. Tolstoi i sovremennost’ [Essays on Social Humanism. 3. On the Main Priority of Science: L.N. Tolstoy and Modernity]. Akademiya Trinitarizma, no 77-6567; publ. 25828, 2019, 26 oktyabrya, available at: http://www.trinitas.

ru/rus/doc/0016/001g/00164168.htm.

11. Golubev V.S. Osnovy ekosotsiogumanizma [Fundamentals of Ecosociohumanism]. Moscow, INFRA-M, 2022.

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.189.2023.50-57

The article examines the problem of measuring the scientific knowledge base (SKB) of innovation systems, the solution of which ensures transition to policy reformatting through the prism of SKB, which in its turn makes it possible to form a bridge between SKB and competitive opportunities in the sectoral market, between scientific knowledge and provision of technological and economic security. The developed measurement system was used to evaluate the SKB of Russia’s SIS in the field of nanotechnology in order to answer a number of questions. Has competitive nanoscience been created during the reforms? Are the country’s economic reforms supported by nanotechnological knowledge? Is the scientific sector oriented towards developing breakthrough nanotechnologies of the future?

References:

1. Gaponenko N.V. Sektoral’nye innovatsionnye sistemy v ekonomike, osnovannoi na znaniyakh [Sectoral Innovation Systems in the Knowledge-Based

Economy]. Monografiya. Moscow, IPRAN RAN, 2021.

2. Gaponenko N.V. Formirovanie tekhnologicheskoi bazy ekonomiki, osnovannoi na znaniyakh [Forming the Technological Base of the Knowledge-based

Economy]. Monografiya. Moscow, Yuniti-Dana, 2018.

3. Gaponenko N. In Search of Sectoral Foresight Methodology: Bridging Foresight and Sectoral System of Innovation and Production. Futures, 2022 HYPERLINK “https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00163287/135/supp/C”, vol. 135.

4. Gaponenko N.V. Zakonomernosti i osobennosti evolyutsii sektoral’nykh innovatsionnykh sistem v ramkakh dolgosrochnogo tsikla [Regularities and Features of the Evolution of Sectoral Innovation Systems in the Framework of a Long-term Cycle]. Sistemy i menedzhment, 2020, no 1.

5. Chimini G., Gabrielli A., Silos Labini F. Nauchnaya konkurentosposobnost’ natsii [Scientific Competitiveness of Nations]. PLoS ONE, 2014, 9(12).

6. Nanoindustriya Rossii. Statisticheskii spravochnik. 2015–2020 [Nanoindustry of Russia. Statistical Handbook. 2015-2020]. Moscow, 2020.

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.189.2023.42-49

The article describes an observed natural phenomenon, consideration of which hypothetically improves the accuracy of natural processes modeling.

References:

1. Arshinov V.I., Svirskii Ya.I. Slozhnostnyi mir i ego nablyudatel’. Chast’ pervaya [Complex World and its Observer. Part One]. Filosofiya nauki i tekhniki, 2015, vol. 20, no 2, pp. 70–84.

2. Arshinov V.I., Svirskii Ya.I. Slozhnostnyi mir i ego nablyudatel’. Chast’ vtoraya [Complex World and its Observer. Part Two]. Filosofiya nauki i tekhniki, 2016, vol. 21, no 1, pp. 78–91.

3. Arshinov V.I., Budanov V.G. Sotsiotekhnicheskie landshafty v optike semioticheski-tsifrovoi slozhnostnosti [Sociotechnical Landscapes in the Optics of Semiotic-Digital Complexity]. Voprosy filosofii, 2020, no 8, pp. 106–116.

4. Foerster H. Notes pour un epistemologie des objetsvivants. In Morin E. and Piatelli-Palmerini M. (Eds). L’Unité de L’Homme, Editions du Seuil, Paris, 1974, pp. 401–417.

5. Spencer-Brown G. Laws of Form. N.Y., Division of Elsevier-Dutton Publishing, 1979, 169 p.

6. Maturana U. Biologiya poznaniya [Biology of Cognition]. Yazyk i intellect, Moscow, Progress, 1996, 416 p.

7. Feiman R. KED — strannaya teoriya sveta i veshchestva [QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter]. Moscow, Astrel’, Poligrafizdat, 2012, 191 p.

8. Prigozhin I., Stengers I. Poryadok iz khaosa. Novyi dialog cheloveka s prirodoi [Order out of Chaos. New Dialogue Between Man and the Nature]. Moscow, Editorial URSS, 2014, 304 p.

9. Nikolis G., Prigozhin I. Samoorganizatsiya v neravnovesnykh sistemakh. Ot dissipativnykh struktur k uporyadochennosti cherez fluktuatsii [Self-Organization in Nonequilibrium Systems: From Dissipative Structures to Order Through Fluctuations]. Moscow, Mir, 1979, 512 p.

10. Bozbei L.S., Kostikov A.O., Tkachenko V.I. Elementarnaya konvektivnaya yacheika v sloe neszhimaemoi, vyazkoi zhidkosti i ee fizicheskie svoistva: Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii MSS-14 “Transformatsiya voln, kogerentnye struktury i turbulentnost’”. Moskva, Institut kosmicheskikh issledovanii,

2014 g. [Elementary Convective Cell in an Incompressible Viscous Fluid Layer of and Its Parameters: Proceedings of the MSS-14 International Conference “Transformation of Waves, Coherent Structures and Turbulence”. Moscow, Space Research Institute]. Moscow, 2014, pp. 322–328.

11. Pikel’ner S.B. Dinamika solnechnoi atmosfery [Solar Atmosphere Dynamics]. Uspekhi fizicheskikh nauk, 1966, vol. 88, no 3, pp. 505–523.

12. Belousov B.P. Periodicheski deistvuyushchaya reaktsiya i ee mekhanizm: Sb.: Avtovolnovye protsessy v sistemakh s diffuziei [Periodically Acting Reaction and its Mechanism: Collection: Autowave Processes in Systems with Diffusion]. Gor’kii, Izd-vo GGU, 1951, pp. 76.

13. Belousov B.P. Periodicheski deistvuyushchaya reaktsiya i ee mekhanizm: Sb. referatov po radiatsionnoi meditsine za1958 g. [Periodically Acting Reaction and its Mechanism. Collection of Abstracts on Radiation Medicine]. Moscow, Medgiz, 1959, p. 145.

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.189.2023.36-41

The analysis of the market of sequencing technologies was carried out, the factors accelerating and hindering its development were identified. Separate developments of equipment for molecular genetic analysis, carried out by the Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences in conjunction with LLC Sintol are presented in the article. The existing scientific and technical background and the potential of organizations allows for the rapid import substitution of a number of key instruments and devices for genetic research, including those with the necessary reagent base.

References:

1. Global DNA Sequencing: Research, Applied and Clinical Markets, available at: https://www.bccresearch.com/market-research/biotechnology/dna-sequencing-emerging-tech-applications-report.html#:~:text=The%20global%20market%20for%20DNA,the%20period%20of%202021-2026.

2. DNA Sequencing Market Size USD 16.81 Billion by 2030, available at: https://www.vantagemarketresearch.com/industry-report/dna-sequencing-market-1896.

3. Growth Trends, Report 2030, available at: https://www.strategicmarketresearch.com/market-report/dna-sequencing-market.

4. Whole Genome Sequencing cost 2023, available at: https://3billion.io/blog/whole-genome-sequencing-cost-2023#:~:text=The%20cost%20of%20 a%20human, today%20it%20is%20approximately%20%24600.

5. Kurochkin V.E., Alekseev Ya.I., Petrov D.G., Evstrapov A.A. Otechestvennyye pribory dlya molekulyarno-geneticheskogo analiza: razrabotki IAP RAN i OOO “Sintol” [Domestic devices for molecular genetic analysis: developments of the IAP RAS and LLC “Sintol»]. Izvestiya Rossiyskoy Voyenno-meditsinskoy akademii. 2021, vol. 40, no 3, pp. 69–74.

6. Genetic analyzer Nanofor® 05, available at: http://iairas.ru/nanofor05.php.

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.189.2023.24-35

Situation in the country and the world is so complex and uncertain that it is practically impossible to imagine simple, proven forms and tools of management that were used earlier. In response to this challenge, an “engineering approach” is proposed as a synthesis of social and scientific-technological engineering. As the main line for practical application of this approach in the conditions of Russia, the concept of forming the core of strategic action subject within the framework of a new type of social organization, the “Public Engineering Park”, is discussed.

References:

1. Fursov A. Na poroge novogo mira — est’ li sub’ekt strategicheskogo deistviya? ili Zheleznye trebovaniya istoricheskogo protsessa [On the Threshold of a New World — is there a Subject of Strategic Action? or Iron Requirements of the Historical Process]. Sait Andreya Fursova, available at: http://andreyfursov.ru/news/na_poroge_novogo_mira_est_li_subekt_strategicheskogo_dejstvija_ili_zheleznye_trebovan ija_istoricheskogo_processa/2011-03-13-8.

2. Smirnov E.P. Stanet li Rossiya vysokotekhnologichnoi stranoi? [Will Russia Become a High-tech Country?]. Nezavisimaya gazeta, 2003, 12 fevralya, available at: https://www.ng.ru/science/2003-02-12/13_technology.html.

3. Bannykh O. Fabrika intellektual’nogo spetsnaza [Factory of Intellectual Special Forces]. Ekspert. Ural, 2004, 2 fevralya, available at: https://expert.ru/ural/2004/04/04ur-unauk_66655/

4. Smirnov E.P. Rossiya snova na pereput’e. Konkurentosposobnost’ ili degradatsiya: Interv’yu [Russia is at a Crossroads Again. Competitiveness or Degradation: Interview]. Budushchaya Rossiya, 2011, 12 maya, available at: https://futurerussia.ru/extranet/blogs/smirnoff/58/?sphrase_id=441346.

5. Vil’yams Dzh.D. Sovershennyi strateg, ili Bukvar’ po teorii strategicheskikh igr [Perfect Strategist or Primer on the Theory of Strategic Games]. Moscow, Sovetskoe Radio, 1960, 266 p.

6. Smirnov E.P. Media proekt “Balans interesov” [Media Project “Balance of Interests”]. Budushchaya Rossiya, available at: https://futurerussia.ru/upload/iblock/647/Mediaproekt.pdf.

7. Smirnov E.P. Platforma upravleniya razvitiem. Kak naiti balans interesov gosudarstva, biznesa i naseleniya v protsesse formirovaniya I realizatsii programm razvitiya? Inzhenernyi podkhod: Trudy Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii “Institutsional’nye i finansovye mekhanizmy razvitiya territorial’nykh klasterov i tekhnologicheskikh platform”, g. Dubna, 11–12 noyabrya, 2016 g. [Development Management Platform. How to Find a Balance of Interests of the State, Business and Population in the Process of Formation and Implementation of Development Programs? Engineering Approach: Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference “Institutional and Financial Mechanisms for the Development of Territorial Clusters and Technological Platforms”, Dubna, November 11–12, 2016]. Budushchaya Rossiya, available at: http://futurerussia.ru/upload/iblock/647/Smirnov%20EP_doklad_Dubna.pdf.

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.189.2023.16-23

Economic-legal relations in organizing extraction and turnover of minerals was studied, typical economic strategies for organizations of the extractive sector of the economy were identified, effectiveness of implementing the portfolio strategies in the largest coal mining companies of Russia was shown, assessment of investments in the strategic innovation portfolio of an organization of the extractive sector of the Russian economy was proposed.

References:

1. Artov A.M., Laperdina T.G., Strizhova T.A., Khotuleva M.V., Chechetkin V.A., Perfil’eva E.V. Instrumenty strategicheskoi ekologicheskoi otsenki dlya planirovaniya razvitiya gornodobyvayushchei promyshlennosti v Rossii [Strategic Environmental Assessment Tools for Planning the Development of the Mining Industry in Russia]. Metodich. posobie. Moscow, Novokuznetsk, 2020, 132 p.

2. IM-EX.INFO. Informatsionno-analiticheskaya kompaniya [Sait], available at: http://imex.info/?_openstat=ZGlyZWN0LnlhbmRleC5ydTs2NTQ2OTY2MzsxMjQ3MDA2ODQxNzt5YW5kZXgucnU6cHJlbWl1bQ&yclid=6963604192633815039/

3. Petrenko I.E. Itogi raboty ugol’noi promyshlennosti Rossii za 2021 [The Results of the Work of the Coal Industry in Russia for 2021]. Ugol’, 2022, no 3, pp. 9–23.

4. OOO “El’gaugol” [Elgaugol LLC]. Integrum. Proverka kontragenta, available at: https://contragent.integrum.ru/ul/accounting/7550562.

5. Stolbova N.F., Isaeva E.R. Petrologiya uglei [Petrology of Coals]. Ucheb. Posobie. Tomskii politekhnicheskii universitet, Tomsk, Izd-vo Tomskogo politekhnicheskogo un-ta, 2013, 77 p.

6. Kholodov V.N. Tipy katageneticheskikh transformatsii v stratisfere i osadochnye poleznye iskopaemye [Types of Catagenetic Transformations in the Stratisphere and Sedimentary Minerals]. Uchenye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta, vol. 153, book 4. Kazan’, 2011, pp. 16–53.

7. Perechen’ investitsionnykh proektov, napravlennykh na realizatsiyu Programmy razvitiya ugol’noi promyshlennosti Rossii na period do 2035 goda. Prilozhenie 8 [List of Investment Projects Aimed at Implementing the Russian Coal Industry Development Program for the Period up to 2035. Appendix No. 8.]. Normativnye i sudebnye akty RF, available at: https://sudact.ru/law/rasporiazhenie-pravitelstva-rf-ot-13062020-n-1582-r/programma-razvitiia-ugolnoipromyshlennosti-

rossii/prilozhenie-n-8/

8. Ermakova N.M. Privlechenie inostrannykh investitsii v neftegazodobyvayushchuyu promyshlennost’ Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Attracting Foreign Investment in the Oil and Gas Industry of the Russian Federation]. Problemy rynochnoi ekonomiki, 2019, no 1, pp. 37–43.

9. Sirotkin S.A., Kel’chevskaya N.R. Ekonomicheskaya otsenka investitsionnykh proektov: Ucheb. dlya studentov vuzov, obuchayushchikhsya po spetsial’nosti “Ekonomika i upravlenie na predpriyatiyakh (po otraslyam)” [Economic Evaluation of Investment Projects: a Textbook for University Students Studying in the Specialty “Economics and Management at Enterprises (by industry)”]. 3-e izd., pererab. i dop. Moscow, Yuniti-Dana, 2011, 311 p.

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.189.2023.6-15

Key parameters of attacks directions on the Russian economy and forecasts of the expected results, which previously have inspired confidence in Western states that political regime would inevitability fall, which stimulated the US and EU sanctions activity, were developed by a number of authoritative Western expert structures. Western strategies for collapsing the Russian economy in 2022–2023 with the help of sanctions, formed on the basis of these forecasts, did not bring the desired result. At the same time, alternative forecasts of a group of Russian scientists from the CEMI RAS and their Chinese colleagues on stability of the economies of Russia and China in the event of a friendly policy in the context of trade wars with the US and the EU, made in 2019, were fully confirmed. At the core of these forecasts there are analytical tools based on agent modeling.

References:

1. Ageev A.I., Loginov E.L. Mirovoe soobshchestvo v usloviyakh sverkhkriticheskoi bifurkatsii Upravlenie slozhnymi organizatsionnymi i tekhnicheskimi sistemami v usloviyakh sverkhkriticheskikh situatsii: Materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii [World Community in Conditions of Supercritical Bifurcation: Management of Complex Organizational and Technical Systems in Conditions of Supercritical Situations: Proceedings of the international scientific and practical conference]. Moscow, INES, 2022, pp. 9–12.

2. Ageev A.I., Loginov E.L. Novaya bol’shaya voina: khroniki khorosho zabytogo budushchego [New Large-Scale War: Chronicles of Well Forgotten Future]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2014, vol. 16, no 6–7(122–123), pp. 16–33.

3. Makarov V.L., Vu Ts., Vu Z., Khabriev B.R., Bakhtizin A.R. Mirovye torgovye voiny: stsenarnye raschety posledstvii [World Trade Wars: Scenario Calculations of Consequences]. Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii nauk, 2020, vol. 90, no 2, pp. 169–179.

4. Makarov V.L., Vu Ts., Vu Z., Khabriev B.R., Bakhtizin A.R. Sovremennye instrumenty otsenki posledstvii mirovykh torgovykh voin [Modern Tools for Assessing the Effects of World Trade Wars]. Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii nauk, 2019, vol. 89, no 7, pp. 745–754.

5. Tsigas M., McDaniel C., Schropp S., Mahlstein K. Potential economic effects of sanctions on Russia: An Allied trade embargo. Voxeu.org, 2022, available at: https://voxeu.org/article/potential-economic-effects-allied-trade-embargo-russia.

6. Mahlstein K., McDaniel C., Schropp S., Tsigas M. Estimating the economic effects of sanctions on Russia: An Allied trade embargo. The World Economy, 2022, no 45, pp. 3344–3383, available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.13311.

7. Bryan R., Johnson G., Sytsma T., Priebe M. Does the U.S. Economy Benefit from U.S. Alliances and Forward Military Presence? Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2022, available at: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA739-5.

8. Bolhuis A. Marijn, Jiaqian Chen, Benjamin Kett. Fragmentation in Global Trade: Accounting for Commodities. IMF Working Paper. 2023. No. WP 23/73.

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.189.2023.5