DOI: 10.33917/es-4.190.2023.126-135

The paper focuses on understanding the place of the phenomena of a victim and sacrifice in the history of world culture and in sociocultural practices from its inception to the present state. The main socio-cultural pat terns of a victim and their links with other cultural universals — the game, myth, rites of passage, ethnic mentalit y are studied. The author analyses socio-cultural functions of the phenomena of a victim in the processes of changing technological structure in the Modern and Contemporary times and in the modern network societ y. It is concluded that the combination of sacrifice, game, myth and heroic principle is a universal regulating, synthesizing and promoting transitional factor. This factor in the anthroposphere triggers the process of emergence inside it of a special structure of self-maintenance and selfdevelopment, in other words, a socio-cultural matrix (invariant, homeoresis), the most impor tant element of stability in the conditions of any crisis and any transition.

References:

[1–5] see No. 2(188)/2023, p. 135.

6. Udalova G.P. Predposylki vozniknoveniya zhertvoprinosheniya kak formy sotsial’nogo povedeniya: Zhertvoprinosheniya v arkhaike: atributsiya, naznachenie, tsel’ [Prerequisites for the Emergence of Sacrifice as a Form of Social Behaviour // In the collection: Sacrifices in the Archaic: Attribution, Purpose, Designation]. Vyp. 5, Saint Petersburg, 2012.

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14. Dmitrieva T.N. O neodnoznachnosti ponyatiya “zhertvoprinoshenie”: Zhertvoprinosheniya v arkhaike: atributsiya, naznachenie, tsel’ [On the Ambiguity of

the “Sacrifice” Concept: Sacrifices in the Archaic: Attribution, Purpose, Designation]. Vyp. 5. Saint Petersburg, 2012.

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16. Tokarev S.A. O zhertvoprinosheniyakh [About Sacrifices]. Etnograficheskoe obozrenie, 1999, no 5.

17. Butovskaya M.L. Agressiya i primirenie kak proyavlenie sotsial’nosti u primatov i cheloveka [Aggression and Reconciliation as a Manifestation of Sociality in Primates and Humans]. Moscow, 1998.

18. Kaiua R. Mif i chelovek: Chelovek i sakral’noe [Myth and Man: Man and the Sacred]. Moscow, 2003.

DOI: 10.33917/es-2.188.2023.132-135

The paper focuses on understanding the place of the phenomena of a victim and sacrifice in the history of world culture and in sociocultural practices from its inception to the present state. The main socio-cultural pat terns of a victim and their links with other cultural universals — the game, myth, rites of passage, ethnic mentalit y are studied. The author analyses socio-cultural functions of the phenomena of a victim in the processes of changing technological structure in the Modern and Contemporary times and in the modern network societ y. It is concluded that the combination of sacrifice, game, myth and heroic principle is a universal regulating, synthesizing and promoting transitional factor. This factor in the anthroposphere triggers the process of emergence inside it of a special structure of self-maintenance and selfdevelopment, in other words, a socio-cultural matrix (invariant, homeoresis), the most impor tant element of stability in the conditions of any crisis and any transition.

References:

1. Popovich A.I. “Zhertva zhivaya” i “mertvaya”. Topos i raznochteniya knizhnosti Drevnei Rusi XI–XIV vekov [Victim “Alive” and “Dead”. Topos and Discrepancies in the Literature of Ancient Rus’ in the 11th–14th Centuries]. Letnyaya shkola po russkoi literature. Ekaterinburg: Ural’skii federal’nyi universitet, 2019, vol. 15, no 2–3, pp. 115–135.

2. Zhertvoprinoshenie: Ritual v iskusstve i kul’ture ot drevnosti do nashikh dnei [Sacrifice: Ritual in Art and Culture from Antiquity to the Present Day]. Otv. red. L.I. Akimova. Moscow, Yazyki russkoi kul’tury, 2000, 534 p.

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5. Kitai. Yazyk, obrazovanie, biznes. Stat’ya “Zhertva” [China. Language, Education, Business. Article “Victim”]. 2004.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-2.176.2021.104-113

The article examines the history of the formation of spirituality in the East and West and examines modern problems of spirituality in society. The compatibility of the values of the West and the East is studied and the composition of the key laws and principles of the main religions of the world in the life of society is integrated. The combination of secular and religious spirituality is studied. The basics and provisions of labor ethics in the countries of the East and West are considered, and the attitude of the main religions to labor, wealth, property, and the economy is compiled. The definition of spiritual economy is proposed, and evaluation criteria are given, as well as an introductory composition of its characteristics is formed