DOI: 10.33917/es-3.189.2023.58-61

The issue of priorities in science is discussed in comparison with L.N. Tolstoy’s formulation of this problem. Problems posed by L.N. Tolstoy, are addressed by the sciences of natural-humanitarian synthesis, which study the “nature — man — society” system. The main function of new sciences is to explore the issue of a man, conditions for selfpreservation and development of mankind as a whole. The change of priorities in the science of the 21st century is inevitable: from natural sciences to the sciences of natural-humanitarian synthesis.

References:

1. Golubev V.S. Priroda — chelovek — obshchestvo: razvitie i garmoniya [Nature — Man — Society: Development and Harmony]. Moscow, Lenand, 2016.

2. Golubev V.S. Garmoniya spaset mir [Harmony will Save the World]. Moscow, Lenand, 2017.

3. Golubev V.S. V poiskakh garmonii [In Search of Harmony]. Moscow, Lenand, 2022.

4. Bushuev V.V., Golubev V.S. Osnovy ergodinamiki [Fundamentals of Ergodynamics]. Moscow, Energiya, 2003; 2-e izd., Moscow, Lenand, 2012.

5. Bushuev V.V., Golubev V.S., Orlov I.B. Vvedenie v sistemnuyu teoriyu kapitala [Introduction to the System Theory of Capital]. Moscow, Lenand, 2013.

6. Bushuev V.V., Golubev V.S., Tarko A.M. Strukturnaya energiya kak potentsial razvitiya. Mir i Rossiya [Structural Energy as a Development Potential. World and Russia]. Moscow, Lenand, 2014.

7. Golubev V.S. Vvedenie v sinteticheskuyu evolyutsionnuyu ekologiyu [Introduction to Synthetic Evolutionary Ecology]. Moscow, Papirus Pro, 2001.

8. Golubev V.S., Kurakov A.L., Timiryasova A.V. Chelovekovedenie [Human Studies]. Ucheb.-metodich. posobie. M.: IAEP; Kazan’: Poznanie, 2014.

9. Bushuev V.V., Golubev V.S. Estestvenno-nauchnye osnovy sotsial’nogo gumanizma [Natural-scientific Foundations of Social Humanism]. Moscow, Lenand, 2018.

10. Golubev V.S. Ocherki sotsial’nogo gumanizma. 3. O glavnom prioritete nauki: L.N. Tolstoi i sovremennost’ [Essays on Social Humanism. 3. On the Main Priority of Science: L.N. Tolstoy and Modernity]. Akademiya Trinitarizma, no 77-6567; publ. 25828, 2019, 26 oktyabrya, available at: http://www.trinitas.

ru/rus/doc/0016/001g/00164168.htm.

11. Golubev V.S. Osnovy ekosotsiogumanizma [Fundamentals of Ecosociohumanism]. Moscow, INFRA-M, 2022.

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.189.2023.50-57

The article examines the problem of measuring the scientific knowledge base (SKB) of innovation systems, the solution of which ensures transition to policy reformatting through the prism of SKB, which in its turn makes it possible to form a bridge between SKB and competitive opportunities in the sectoral market, between scientific knowledge and provision of technological and economic security. The developed measurement system was used to evaluate the SKB of Russia’s SIS in the field of nanotechnology in order to answer a number of questions. Has competitive nanoscience been created during the reforms? Are the country’s economic reforms supported by nanotechnological knowledge? Is the scientific sector oriented towards developing breakthrough nanotechnologies of the future?

References:

1. Gaponenko N.V. Sektoral’nye innovatsionnye sistemy v ekonomike, osnovannoi na znaniyakh [Sectoral Innovation Systems in the Knowledge-Based

Economy]. Monografiya. Moscow, IPRAN RAN, 2021.

2. Gaponenko N.V. Formirovanie tekhnologicheskoi bazy ekonomiki, osnovannoi na znaniyakh [Forming the Technological Base of the Knowledge-based

Economy]. Monografiya. Moscow, Yuniti-Dana, 2018.

3. Gaponenko N. In Search of Sectoral Foresight Methodology: Bridging Foresight and Sectoral System of Innovation and Production. Futures, 2022 HYPERLINK “https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00163287/135/supp/C”, vol. 135.

4. Gaponenko N.V. Zakonomernosti i osobennosti evolyutsii sektoral’nykh innovatsionnykh sistem v ramkakh dolgosrochnogo tsikla [Regularities and Features of the Evolution of Sectoral Innovation Systems in the Framework of a Long-term Cycle]. Sistemy i menedzhment, 2020, no 1.

5. Chimini G., Gabrielli A., Silos Labini F. Nauchnaya konkurentosposobnost’ natsii [Scientific Competitiveness of Nations]. PLoS ONE, 2014, 9(12).

6. Nanoindustriya Rossii. Statisticheskii spravochnik. 2015–2020 [Nanoindustry of Russia. Statistical Handbook. 2015-2020]. Moscow, 2020.

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.189.2023.42-49

The article describes an observed natural phenomenon, consideration of which hypothetically improves the accuracy of natural processes modeling.

References:

1. Arshinov V.I., Svirskii Ya.I. Slozhnostnyi mir i ego nablyudatel’. Chast’ pervaya [Complex World and its Observer. Part One]. Filosofiya nauki i tekhniki, 2015, vol. 20, no 2, pp. 70–84.

2. Arshinov V.I., Svirskii Ya.I. Slozhnostnyi mir i ego nablyudatel’. Chast’ vtoraya [Complex World and its Observer. Part Two]. Filosofiya nauki i tekhniki, 2016, vol. 21, no 1, pp. 78–91.

3. Arshinov V.I., Budanov V.G. Sotsiotekhnicheskie landshafty v optike semioticheski-tsifrovoi slozhnostnosti [Sociotechnical Landscapes in the Optics of Semiotic-Digital Complexity]. Voprosy filosofii, 2020, no 8, pp. 106–116.

4. Foerster H. Notes pour un epistemologie des objetsvivants. In Morin E. and Piatelli-Palmerini M. (Eds). L’Unité de L’Homme, Editions du Seuil, Paris, 1974, pp. 401–417.

5. Spencer-Brown G. Laws of Form. N.Y., Division of Elsevier-Dutton Publishing, 1979, 169 p.

6. Maturana U. Biologiya poznaniya [Biology of Cognition]. Yazyk i intellect, Moscow, Progress, 1996, 416 p.

7. Feiman R. KED — strannaya teoriya sveta i veshchestva [QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter]. Moscow, Astrel’, Poligrafizdat, 2012, 191 p.

8. Prigozhin I., Stengers I. Poryadok iz khaosa. Novyi dialog cheloveka s prirodoi [Order out of Chaos. New Dialogue Between Man and the Nature]. Moscow, Editorial URSS, 2014, 304 p.

9. Nikolis G., Prigozhin I. Samoorganizatsiya v neravnovesnykh sistemakh. Ot dissipativnykh struktur k uporyadochennosti cherez fluktuatsii [Self-Organization in Nonequilibrium Systems: From Dissipative Structures to Order Through Fluctuations]. Moscow, Mir, 1979, 512 p.

10. Bozbei L.S., Kostikov A.O., Tkachenko V.I. Elementarnaya konvektivnaya yacheika v sloe neszhimaemoi, vyazkoi zhidkosti i ee fizicheskie svoistva: Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii MSS-14 “Transformatsiya voln, kogerentnye struktury i turbulentnost’”. Moskva, Institut kosmicheskikh issledovanii,

2014 g. [Elementary Convective Cell in an Incompressible Viscous Fluid Layer of and Its Parameters: Proceedings of the MSS-14 International Conference “Transformation of Waves, Coherent Structures and Turbulence”. Moscow, Space Research Institute]. Moscow, 2014, pp. 322–328.

11. Pikel’ner S.B. Dinamika solnechnoi atmosfery [Solar Atmosphere Dynamics]. Uspekhi fizicheskikh nauk, 1966, vol. 88, no 3, pp. 505–523.

12. Belousov B.P. Periodicheski deistvuyushchaya reaktsiya i ee mekhanizm: Sb.: Avtovolnovye protsessy v sistemakh s diffuziei [Periodically Acting Reaction and its Mechanism: Collection: Autowave Processes in Systems with Diffusion]. Gor’kii, Izd-vo GGU, 1951, pp. 76.

13. Belousov B.P. Periodicheski deistvuyushchaya reaktsiya i ee mekhanizm: Sb. referatov po radiatsionnoi meditsine za1958 g. [Periodically Acting Reaction and its Mechanism. Collection of Abstracts on Radiation Medicine]. Moscow, Medgiz, 1959, p. 145.

DOI: 10.33917/es-2.188.2023.80-89

The basic reasons for the onset of the Time of Troubles in Russia, associated with inability of the central government to perform their functions, are identified. An important role in instability was played by external organizations, including those that demonstrated a “friendly” attitude towards Russia. Withdrawal of the Fatherland from the Time of Troubles’ instability is connected with the emergence of organizations within it that are capable of realizing the idea of the country’s selfpreservation. The author concludes that the Time of Troubles in Russia came when the three main forces of organizations — owners, managers and the staff (in this case, the “orphan people”) lost their value orientations and did not act as a common front against the interventionists.

References:

1. Volkov V.A., Kuz’min A.G. Smutnoe vremya [Time of Troubles]. Moscow, Algoritm, 2012.

2. Gaidar E. Smuty i instituty [Troubles and Institutions]. Moscow, Algoritm, 2015.

3. Denisov A.V. Smutnoe vremya. Vzglyad inzhenera [Time of Troubles. Engineer’s Perspective]. Moscow, Izd-vo Vorob’ev A.V., 2012.

4. Zinov’ev A. A. Russkaya smuta [Russian Turmoil]. Moscow, Kelvori, 1995.

5. Kurganov A.B. Lyudi Smutnogo vremeni. Istoricheskoe issledovanie [People of the Time of Troubles. Historical Research]. Moscow, AST, 2008.

6. Morozova L.E. Istoriya Rossii. Smutnoe vremya. Pravda i vymysel, svidetel’stva sovremennikov [Russian History. Time of Troubles. Truth and Fiction, Testimonials of Contemporaries]. Moscow, AST, 2011.

7. Pechenev V.A. “Smutnoe vremya” v noveishei istorii (1985–2003). Istoricheskie svidetel’stva i razmyshleniya uchastnika sobytii [“Time of Troubles” in Recent History (1985–2003). Historical Evidence and Reflections of the Events Participant]. Moscow, Norma, 2004.

8. Platonov S.F. Smutnoe vremya. Ocherk istorii vnutrennego krizisa i obshchestvennoi bor’by v Moskovskom gosudarstve XVI i XVII vv. [Time of Troubles. History Essay on the Internal Crisis and Social Struggle in the Moscow State of the XVI and XVII Centuries]. Moscow, AIRO-XXI, 2007; Smutnye vremena nachala XVII–XX stoletii i opyt ikh preodoleniya v istoricheskoi sud’be Rossii: Sb. materialov po itogam Vserossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem. Vladimir, 2–3 noyabrya 2020 g. [Troubled Times at the Beginning of the 17th–20th Centuries and the Experience of Overcoming Them in the Historical Fate of Russia: Collected Materials on the Results of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference with international Participation. Vladimir, November 2–3, 2020]. Vladimir, Tranzit-IKS, 2020.

9. Dvornichenko A.Yu. Smuta kak faktor rossiiskoi istorii [Time of Troubles as a Factor in Russian History]. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo un-ta. Istoriya, 2018, vol. 63, vyp. 3, pp. 679, 682–684.

10. Marchenya P.P., Razin S.Yu. “Smutovedenie” kak “gordiev uzel” rossievedeniya: ot imperii k smute, ot smuty k…? [“Study of Troubles” as a “Gordian Knot” of Russian Studies: From Empire to Troubles, from Troubles to…?]. Rossiya i sovremennyi mir, 2010, no 4, pp. 50.

DOI: 10.33917/es-2.188.2023.72-79

At all times, the issues of upbringing and education were the core, foundation, cornerstone of the existence and development of society and the state. And to this day we are fascinated by the science and culture of antiquit y – Greece, Egypt, Israel, India, China, Rome, and etc. Development of society and the state directly stems from the at tention paid to education and upbringing of the youth. The author concludes that when they try to replace classical science with various fashionable items, this is an encroachment on the holy of holies, this is an at tempt to belittle, humiliate, fetter the freedom of the human mind development.

References:

1. Posledstviya kapitalizma: Interv’yu amerikanskogo uchenogo i obshchestvennogo deyatelya Noama Khomskogo [Consequences of Capitalism: An Interview with American Scholar and Public Activist Noam Chomsky]. YouTube, 2021, Oktyabr’, available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JLTdQ4qg1pc.

2. Maikl R. Blumberg. Kolledzhi dolzhny vernut’ trebovaniya k testirovaniyu [Michael R. Bloomberg: Colleges Should Bring Back Testing Requirements]. Bloomberg, 2022, 26 oktyabrya, available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2022-10-26/us-colleges-should-bring-back-sat-and-acttestrequirements.

3. Akademik V.I. Arnol’d: Puteshestvie v khaose [Academician V.I. Arnold: Journey in Chaos]. Nauka i zhizn’, 2000, no 12, avail able at: https://www.nkj.ru/archive/articles/5174/

4. Vladimir Arnol’d: Opasat’sya kompetentnykh sopernikov ochen’ estestvenno dlya nachal’nikov [Vladimir Arnold: It’s very Natural for Bosses to be Afraid of Competent Rivals]. RUT MIIT, 2010, 3 iyunya, available at: ht tps://miit.ru/news/100755.

The article focuses on the transformation of the Russian higher education system to meet the latest market economy demands and to develop the efficient interaction with the business community. Universities are integrating into existing production chains and new markets. Leading Russian universities are being transformed into innovation hubs, playing the role of integrators in scientific and technical processes, developing efficient mechanisms of technology transfer, they are able to form new educational programs that meet the latest demands of the knowledge society. Nationally oriented system of higher education based on traditional values and meeting institutional requirements of the country’s ecosystem, should become an important factor of Russia’s stable development.

That need to make the power and the country to amend the developed situation with education – in Vyacheslav Nikonov’s interview, the chairman of the Russian State Duma Committee by education.

The article dwells on the problem of Russian education in the context of ever-growing threat from Western countries. World educational and scientific spheres with their openness and mutual penetration have long ago become one of the arenas for confrontation between our country and Western civilization. Nationally oriented education system based on traditional values priority, should become an important factor for Russia’s stable development. In the current tense situation the education system, free of Western pressure and imposition of foreign models, together with scientific and engineering potential are an important tool for ensuring national security of Russia. Educational policy should be based on plans of the state strategic development with regard to Russia’s geopolitical situation.

How to leave education crisis — in interview to the first deputy chairman of the State Duma Committee of the Russian Federation by training Oleg Smolin.

About innovative development, priorities in educational process, concentration of talents and prospects of development — in interview of the rector of Tomsk state university, the academician of Russian joint stock company Eduard Vladimirovich of Galazhinsky.