DOI: 10.33917/es-1.187.2023.98-109

The article presents a factual retrospective review of the public consciousness deformation as a result of successful subversive

ideological and psychological work against the USSR, carried out by the United States in the second half of the 20th century, called the Cold War. Evidence from documents and memoirs of the events participants allows us to realize the continuing relevance of the systemic danger of a destructive information impact for modern Russia.

References:

1. Klain R. TsRU ot Ruzvel’ta do Reigana [CIA from Roosevelt to Reagan]. New York, 1988, p. 166.

2. Lainbardzher P. Psikhologicheskaya voina. Teoriya i praktika obrabotki massovogo soznaniya [Psychological Warfare. Theory and Practice of Processing Mass Consciousness]. Moscow, 2013, pp. 98–120, 121–164.

3. Pechataetsya po izd.: SShA: ekonomika, politika, ideologiya, 1989, no 12, per. G.V. Zdornykh.

4. Etzold T.H., Gaddis J.L. Containment: Documents on American Policy and Strategy, 1945-1950, NSC 20/1 (pages 173-203) // Direktiva SNB SShA 20/1 ot 18 avgusta 1948 g.

5. Khinshtein A. Kak ubivayut Rossiyu [How They Kill Russia]. Moscow, Abris, OLMA, 2018, 448 p.

6. Khlobustov O.M. KGB SSSR 1954–1991. Tainy gibeli Velikoi derzhavy [KGB of the USSR 1954-1991. Secrets of the Death of the Great Power]. Moscow, 2013, pp. 73.

7. Khlobustov O.M. Eshche raz o «preslovutom plane Dallesa» [Once Again About the “Notorious Plan of Dulles”]. Trudy Obshchestva izucheniya istorii otechestvennykh spetssluzhb. T. I. Moscow, 2006, pp. 221–220.

8. Shveitser M. POBEDA [Victory]. Minsk, 1995, pp. 77.

9. Anan’ev A.A. Prizvanie Ryurikovichei, ili Tysyacheletnyaya zagadka Rossii [Vocation of the Rurik Dynasty or the Millennium Mystery of Russia]. Moscow, 1996, p. 304.

10. Zhdanov A.A. O mezhdunarodnom polozhenii: Doklad na I soveshchanii Kommunisticheskogo informbyuro 25 sentyabrya 1947 g. [On the International Situation: Report at the 1st Meeting of the Communist Information Bureau on September 25, 1947.]. Rossiiskaya gosudarstvennaya biblioteka, available at: https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01005794410

11. Glavnyi protivnik: Dokumenty amerikanskoi vneshnei politiki i strategii 1945–1950 gg. [The Chief Enemy: Documents of American Foreign Policy and Strategy 1945–1950.] Moscow, 2006.

12. Pocheptsov G. Informatsionnye voiny. Osnovy voenno-kommunikativnykh issledovanii [Information Wars. Fundamentals of Military Communication Studies]. Elektronnaya biblioteka RuLit, available at: https://www.rulit.me/books/informacionnye-vojny-osnovy-voenno-kommunikativnyh-issledovanij-read-350904-1.html

13. Khlobustov O.M. Fenomen Andropova: lichnost’ i ee rol’ v istorii / Istoricheskie chteniya na ul. Andropova, 5. Istoriya organov bezopasnosti: materialy VI mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii, posvyashchennoi 70-letiyu Pobedy sovetskogo naroda v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 1941–1945 gg. [The Andropov Phenomenon: Personality and its Role in History / Historical Readings on the Andropova street, 5. History of Security Agencies: Materials of the VI International Scientific Conference Dedicated to the 70th Anniversary of the Victory of the Soviet People in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945.]. Petrozavodsk, 2016. S. 257.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-5.185.2022.114-119

The article proposes an approach to the problem of the USSR collapse within the framework of interdisciplinary direction of megahistory and global evolution, where the USSR collapse itself turned up to be a bifurcation of the scale invariance of the producing economy history. Its final world cycle gives a picture of periods that completely coincides with the written history of Ancient Russia — the Russian Empire — the USSR.

References:

1. Kuzyk B.N., Ageev A.I., Dobrocheev O.V., Kuroedov B.V., Myasoedov B.A. Rossiya v prostranstve i vremeni (istoriya budushchego) [Russia in Space and Time (History of the Future)]. Moscow, INES, 2004, 336 p.

2. Kul’pin E.S. Geneticheskie kody tsivilizatsii. Sotsioestestvennaya istoriya. Genezis krizisov prirody i obshchestva v Rossii [Genetic Codes of Civilizations. Socionatural History. Genesis of Crises of Nature and Society in Russia]. Vyp. 4. Moscow, Moskovskii litsei, 1995, pp. 32–35.

3. Kul’pin E.S. Sotsioestestvennaya istoriya. Ot metoda — k teorii, ot teorii — k praktike [Socionatural History. From Method to Theory, From Theory to Practice]. Volgograd, Uchitel’, 2014.

4. Gridchin I.V. Sotsioestestvennaya istoriya kak megatsikl istorii chelovechestva [Socionatural History as a Megacycle of Human History]. Istoriya i sovremennost’, 2017, no 1, pp. 177–183.

5. Gridchin I.V. Troichnyi ritm faz sotsial’noi megaistorii. Ego prikladnoe znachenie dlya sistemnogo analiza i prognozirovaniya. Evolyutsiya. Patterny evolyutsii [The Ternary Rhythm of the Phases of Social Megahistory. Its Applied Significance for System Analysis and Forecasting. Evolution. Evolution Patterns]. Volgograd, Uchitel’, 2018, pp. 139–156.

6. Kul’pin E.S. Zolotaya Orda: sud’by pokolenii [Golden Horde: Destinies of Generations]. Vyp. XXVIII. Moscow, INSAN, 2006. (Seriya: Sotsioestestvennaya istoriya. Genezis krizisov prirody i obshchestva v Rossii.)

7. Bzhezinskii Z. Soedinennye Shtaty prevyshe vsego. Mezhdunarodnye posledstviya 1989 goda [The United States Above All. International Consequences of 1989]. Nezavisimaya gazeta, 1999, November 24.

8. Bulkin V.A., Dubov I.V., Lebedev G.S. Arkheologicheskie pamyatniki Drevnei Rusi IX–XI vekov [Archaeological Sites of Ancient Russia of the 9th–11th Centuries]. Leningrad, LGU, 1978.

9. Gridchin I.V. Raspad SSSR [Collapse of the USSR]. Priroda i chelovek. XXI vek, 2017, no 4, pp. 19–22.

10. Slavkina M.V. Triumf i tragediya. Razvitie neftegazovogo kompleksa SSSR v 1960–1980-e gody [Triumph and Tragedy. Development of the Oil and Gas Complex of the USSR in the 1960s–1980s]. Moscow, MAKS-Press, 2002.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-5.185.2022.107-113

The talk of “vision of the future” that has been going on in recent years actually ignores the fact that in our history this problem has been solved. Having proclaimed: “Moscow is the Third Rome,” Elder Philotheus did not simply formulate an ideologeme, due to the necessity of that time. He expressed the idea of our statehood, which developed from the very beginning of its formation and determined the movement of our country.

References:

1. Kulikov D.E., Sergeitsev T.N. Ideologiya russkoi gosudarstvennosti [The Ideology of Russian Statehood]. Saint Petersburg, Piter, 2020.

2. Bogdanov A.A. Tektologiya [Tectology]. Moscow, Finansy, 2003.

3. Bogdanov A.A. Nauka ob obshchestvennom soznanii: Poznanie s istoricheskoi tochki zreniya (Izbrannye psikhologicheskie trudy) [The Science of Social Consciousness: Knowledge from a Historical Point of View (Selected Psychological Works)]. Moscow, Moskovskii sotsial’no-psikhologicheskii institut, 1999.

4. Khaidegger M. Nauka i osmyslenie: Bytie i vremya [Science and Understanding: Being and Time]. Moscow, Respublika, 1993.

5. Gumilev L.N. Drevnyaya Rus’ i Velikaya step’ [Ancient Russia and the Great Steppe]. Moscow, Astrel’, 2012.

6. Khaidegger M. Vopros o tekhnike: Bytie i vremya [The Question of Technology: Being and Time]. M.: Respublika, 1993.

7. Gumilev L.N. Ot Rusi do Rossii [From Rus to Russia]. Moscow, Airis-Press, 2001.

8. Stalin I.V. Ekonomicheskie problemy sotsializma v SSSR [Economic problems of socialism in the USSR]. Moscow, Gospolitizdat, 1952.

9. Pyzhikov A.V. Grani russkogo raskola [Facets of the Russian Split]. Moscow, Drevlekhranilishche, 2013.

10. Fromm E. Imet’ ili byt’ [To Have or to Be]. Moscow, AST, 2016.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-3.183.2022.142-147

Real economic growth and development is no longer conceivable without digital revolution achievements. However, to this day, introduction of these achievements into the national economy is far from being the easiest task, since its solution entails a number of methodological and conceptual problems. That was also understood in the USSR after the end of the Second World War, when society for the first time in history thought about improving the national economy management based on the latest technological solutions. The project of automating economic planning, officially called the automated system of planning calculations (ASPC) became a new unique solution of that time. Such a system was supposed to bring Soviet planning to a qualitatively higher level, however, due to theoretical and methodological contradictions contained in the concept, the Soviet digitalization project initially went the wrong way and was never brought to its logical conclusion. The question is whether it was possible to implement ASPC with the same capacities, but with the different theoretical and methodological basis.

Источники:

1. Lebedinskii N.P. Osnovy metodologii planirovaniya i avtomatizatsii planovykh raschetov [Fundamentals of Planning and Automation Methodology for Planned Calculations]. Ucheb. dlya sistemy perepodgot. i povysheniya kvalifikatsii ruk. kadrov nar. khoz-va. ANKh pri Sovete Ministrov SSSR. Moscow, Ekonomika, 1989, p. 102.

2. Metody i modeli ASPR: itogi i perspektivy [ASPC Methods and Models: Results and Prospects]. Moscow, Ekonomika, 1989, p. 6.

3. Avanproekt avtomatizirovannoi sistemy planovykh raschetov Gosplana SSSR i gosplanov soyuznykh respublik [Preliminary Design of an Automated System for Planning Calculations of the State Planning Committee of the USSR and the State Planning Committees of the Union Republics]. Moscow, 1969, p. 12.

4. ASPR — avtomatizirovannaya sistema planovykh raschetov (osnovnye printsipy proektirovaniya) [ASPС — Automated System of Planning Calculations (Basic

Design Principles)]. Moscow, TsEMI AN SSSR, 1970, 130 p.

5. Lebedinskii N.P. Voprosy sozdaniya i funktsionirovaniya avtomatizirovannoi sistemy planovykh raschetov [Issues of Creation and Functioning of an Automated System of Planning Calculations]. Ucheb. posobie. Moscow,ANKh SSSR, 1979, p. 10.

6. Veduta E.N., Dzhakubova T.N. Ekonomicheskaya nauka i ekonomiko-matematicheskoe modelirovanie [Economic Science and Economic-Mathematical Modeling]. Gosudarstvennoe upravlenie. Elektronnyi vestnik, 2016, no 57, pp. 287–307.

7. Veduta N.I. Sotsial’no effektivnaya ekonomika [Socially Efficient Economy]. Moscow, Izd-vo REA, 1999, 254 p.

8. Galushka A.S., Niyazmetov A.K., Okulov M.O. Kristall rosta. K russkomu ekonomicheskomu chudu [Crystal of Growth. To the Russian Economic Miracle]. Moscow, 2021, 360 p.

9. Elena Veduta. Otvet “Kommersantu”: chto takoe model’ mezhotraslevogo mezhsektornogo balansa [The Answer to Kommersant: What is the Model of Intersectoral Cross-industry Balance]. Regnum, 2021, November, 5, available at: https://regnum.ru/news/polit/3415609.html.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-2.182.2022.116-121

Socialism and communism are presented today as unviable social formations. The article analyzes the real experience of successful social construction — “Paraguayan socialism” (XVII — the middle of the XIX century) and the economy of the Old Believers in Russia (from the XVII century to the mid-40s of the XIX century) — which is of great importance for the whole world and for modern Russia

Источники:

1. Sotsializm kak yavlenie mirovoi istorii [Socialism as a Phenomenon of World History]. Sait I.R. Shafarevichaб available at: http://shafarevich.voskres.ru/a13.htm.

2. Paragvaiskii eksperiment. Chast’ pervaya [Paraguayan Experiment. Part One]. VikiChtenie, available at: https://pub.wikireading.ru/195846.

3. Iezuitskie reduktsii [Jesuit Reductions]. Vikipediya, available at: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iezuitskie_reduktsii.

4. Zueva M.V. “Gosudarstvo” iezuitov v Paragvae [“State” of the Jesuits in Paraguay]. Mir indeitsev, available at: https://www.indiansworld.org/Articles/gosudarstvo-iezuitov-v-paragvae.html#.Yd7eklDP2pp.

5. Pyzhikov A.V. Grani russkogo raskola [Facets of the Russian split]. Moscow, Drevlekhranilishche, 2013.

6. Trudovaya etika staroobryadchestva i modernizatsiya Rossii v XIX i XX vekakh [The Work Ethic of the Old Believers and the Modernization of Russia in the 19th and 20th Centuries]. Russkii mir, available at: http://www.russ.ru/pole/Trudovaya-etika-staroobryadchestva-i-modernizaciya-Rossii-v-XIX-i-HH-vv.

7. Katasonov V.Yu. Ekonomika Stalina [Stalin’s Economy]. Moscow, Institut russkoi tsivilizatsii, 2016.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-2.182.2022.108-115

The article examines the factor of oil, when some influential politicians and big businessmen, primarily in Great Britain, tried to use for their far-reaching goals the factual absence of the Weimar Republic’s own oil fields. Monopolization of oil supplies in the context of the implementation of the “legal mechanism for ‘pushing’ Germany to the East” made it possible to a certain extent to manage the foreign policy activity of the Hitlerite regime

Источники:

1. Morozov S.V. Pol’sko-chekhoslovatskie otnosheniya. 1933–1939. Chto skryvalos’ za “politikoi ravnoudalennosti” ministra Yu. Beka [Polish-Czechoslovak Relations. 1933–1939. What was Hidden Behind the “Policy of Equidistance” of Minister Yu. Beck]. Moscow, MGU im. M.V. Lomonosova, 2004, 528 p.

2. Morozov S.V. K voprosu o sekretnom pol’sko-germanskom dogovore 1934 g. [On the Issue of the Secret Polish-German Treaty of 1934]. Slavyanovedenie, 2005, no 5, pp. 35–53.

3. Morozov S.V. Iz dovoennogo dos’e [From the Pre-war Dossier]. Mezhdunarodnaya zhizn’, 2007, no 1–2, pp. 194–213.

4. Morozov S.V. K voprosu o sozdanii v 1925 g. pravovogo mekhanizma “podtalkivaniya” Germanii na Vostok [On the Question of Creating in 1925 a Legal Mechanism for “Pushing” Germany to the East]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2016, no 412, November, pp. 84–88, available at: http://journals.tsu.ru/vestnik/&journal_page=archive&id=1482.

5. Martirosyan A.B. Za kulisami myunkhenskogo sgovora. Kto privel voinu v SSSR [Behind the Scenes of the Munich  Collusion. Who Brought the War to the USSR]. Moscow, Veche, 2008, 608 p.

6. Versal’skii mirnyi dogovor [Versailles Peace Treaty]. Moscow, Litizdat NKID, 1925, 227 p.

7. Agenturnoe soobshchenie v INO OGPU pri SNK SSSR o peregovorakh kantslera Germanii Frantsa fon Papena v Parizhe o formirovanii zapadnoi voennoi koalitsii protiv SSSR [Intelligence Report to the INO OGPU Under the USSR Council of People’s Commissars About Negotiations of Eру German Chancellor Franz von Papen in Paris on Formation of the Western Military Coalition Against the USSR]. Prezidentskaya biblioteka imeni B.N. El’tsina, available at: https://www.prlib.ru/catalog/52995?page=3

8. Dokumenty vneshnei politiki SSSR [Documents of the USSR Foreign Policy]. T. XVI. Moscow, Gospolitizdat, 1970, 920 p.

9. Teichova A. An Economic Background to Munich. L., Cambridge University Press, 1974, 422 p.

10. Colvin J. Vansittart in Office. An historical Survey of the Origins of the Second World War based on the papers of Sir Robert Vansittart, Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, 1930–1938. L.: V Gollancz, 1965. 360 p.

11. Ickes H.L. The Secret Diaries of Harold L. Ickes. Vol. 1. 1933–1936. N. Y., Simon & Schuster, 1953, 738 p.

12. Mackinder H.J. The Geographical Pivot of History. Geographical Journal, 1904, vol. 23, N 4, pp. 421–437.

13. Mackinder H.J. Democratic Ideals and Reality: a study in the politics of reconstruction. L., Constable and Company, 1919, 286 p.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-1.181.2022.138-145

The article is dedicated to two world-famous scientists, the founder of Soviet genetics and experimental biology, Nikolay Konstantinovich Koltsov (1872–1940) and his brilliant student, the founder of chemical mutagenesis, Hero of Socialist Labour, Lenin Prize laureate, Nobel Prize nominee (1962), member-correspondent of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Iosif Abramovich Rapoport (1912–1990). Both made a huge contribution to convergence and blending of different sciences, bridging living and non-living nature. Just over 120 years ago, two great theories emerged — the quantum and the gene one. Both theories played a revolutionary role in natural science, having established two fundamental features of the material world — discreteness and discontinuity. Speaking at the same time in the language of discontinuity, quantum physics and genetics throughout the entire 20th century were following parallel courses, enriching themselves with new facts and ideas. The laws they discovered have broken many ideas on the “good old world”, where phenomenological interconnections dominate, have reduced the essence of all things and phenomena to combinatorics and the atoms and genes activities, have given the keys to controlling many natural processes. Dynamic nature of the microworld objects’ research would continue in the 21st century, since many unsolved problems related to human needs remain in the field of high energy physics, genetics, molecular biology and nanotechnologies.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-1.181.2022.126-137

The studies on the history of managerial thought do not fully cover the development of management schools in Russia in the 20th century and don’t mention many scientists, who were at the origins of scientific schools, and organizations within which they emerged. Hypotheses are put forward about how researchers in the last 30 years have made an attempt to study the schools of managerial thought in the 20th century in various organizations, especially universities. Narrative, comparative and historical research methods are used. The author describes the main schools of management in Russia in the 20th century, their origins, evolution, inspirers and leaders, as well as their main scientific works. The question of scientific schools of the two greatest mega-projects, successfully implemented in the USSR – nuclear and space project, remains unexplored. It is concluded that in Russia during the twentieth century. Management thought was developing, but it is currently extremely difficult to describe a holistic picture of the evolution of scientific management schools.

Источники:

1. Bezborodova M.A. Zarubezhnye nauchnye shkoly v psikhologii [Foreign Scientific Schools in Psychology]. Ucheb. posobie. Moscow, Moskovskii pedagogicheskii gosudarstvennyi universitet, 2020.

2. Nauchnye shkoly Voenno-vozdushnoi inzhenernoi akademii imeni professora N.E. Zhukovskogo (Voennogo aviatsionnogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta): istoriya razvitiya i sovremennoe sostoyanie: izdano k 80-letiyu VVIA im. prof. N.E. Zhukovskogo (VATU) [Scientific Schools of the Air Force Engineering Academy Named after Professor N.E. Zhukovsky (Military Aviation Technical University): History of Development and Current State: Published on the 80th Anniversary of the Air Force Engineering Academy Named after N.E. Zhukovsky (VATU)]. Moscow, Akademiya aviatsii, 2000.

3. Nauchnye shkoly Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta imeni N.E. Baumana. Istoriya razvitiya [Scientific Schools of the Bauman Moscow State

Technical University. History of Development]. 2-e izd. Moscow, Izd-vo MGTU im. N.E. Baumana, 2005.

4. Zaparii V.V. Nauchnye shkoly Ural’skogo federal’nogo universiteta: Entsiklopediya [Scientific Schools of the Ural Federal University: Encyclopedia]. Ekaterinburg, Izd-vo Ural’skogo universiteta, 2020.

5. Sadovnichii V.A., et al. O nauchnykh issledovaniyakh i nauchnykh shkolakh. Evraziiskoe prostranstvo [On Scientific Research and Scientific Schools. Eurasian Space]. Pod red. V.A. Sadovnichego (gl. red.), I.V. Semina, A.V. Sidorovicha. Moscow, Izd-vo Moskovskogo un-ta, 2010, 255 p. (Seriya: Evraziiskie universitety XXI veka / Evraziiskaya assots. un-tov).

6. Ustyuzhanina E.V., Evsyukov S.G., Petrov A.G., Kazankin R.V., Dmitrieva M.B. Nauchnaya shkola kak strukturnaya edinitsa nauchnoi deyatel’nosti [Scientific School as a Structural unit of Scientific Activity]. Moscow, TsEMI RAN, 2011, pp. 4, 8, 9. (Preprint #WP/2011/288).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-4.178.2021.76-91

It wouldn’t be too exaggerated to say that today, in the second year of the coronavirus infodemic, we live in a world designed by the Club of Rome. Moreover, here we can speak of “negative geoplanetary architecture”: the Club of Rome did not expand and complicate the current reality, but sought to limit it, to remove some of its significant elements, thereby completely changing not only the structure of the world, but also the paradigm of human existence. And the Club of Rome has succeeded in this, though it is still not clear — for better or for the worse, whether the club acted as an independent actor or as an agent of some forces interested in redistributing world financial flows? Or even acted as a Marxist “historical necessity”. In any case, it has influenced the thinking of intellectuals, economists and politicians of three generations

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-3.177.2021.110-119

A step-by-step and objective review of the history of the State Planning Committee of the USSR (Gosplan), presented by the authors, helps to form a holistic idea of how the power of the USSR arose and what objective necessity or what subjective factors led to a radical change in the political and socio-economic structure of the country.