DOI: 10.33917/es-1.199.2025.44-49

The purpose of the present study is to identif y the specifics of using the world capital market by developed and developing countries in modern conditions. It has been established that the interests of developed countries consist in shaping a controlled international financial market that will ensure long-term and low-volatility returns on assets without taking into account the interests of other entities in the global capital mark et. The interests of countries with developing economies are reduced to ensuring maximum return on assets in the shor t-term period, since in the long term they cannot compete with developed countries in the global financial mark et. Based on econometric calculations, it was made an assessment of the effects of growing investment returns in developed and developing countries due to the presence of competitive advantages in the global capital market. It is concluded that the global capital market is used by developed and developing countries in different ways — the former seek to ensure preservation of their privileges through exploiting global imbalances, the latter — to gain access to borrowed capital in order to stimulate their own economic development. Disproportions in the use and regulation of the global capital market lead to dependent position of developing economies, which is why they are striving to transform the global financial architecture to protect their own national interests.

References:

1. Vinokurov E.​Yu., Grichik M.V. Novaya kontseptsiya mezhdunarodnykh rezervov: bezopasnost’, diversifikatsiya, neortodoksal’nye podkhody [New Concept of International Reserves: Security, Diversification, Unorthodox Approaches]. Voprosy ekonomiki, 2022, no 12, pp. 24–43.

2. Voskanyan M.A., Khurshudyan S.E. Kontsentratsiya kapitala v global’noy ekonomike kak faktor neravnomernogo raspredeleniya dokhodov [Concentration of Capital in the Global Economy as a Factor in Unequal Income Distribution]. Sovremennaya mirovaya ekonomika, 2023, vol. 1, no 2(2).

3. Golovnin M.​Yu., Nikitina S.A. Sovremennye tendentsii dinamiki mezhdunarodnykh potokov kapitala [Current Trends in the Dynamics of International Capital Flows]. Mir novoy ekonomiki, 2018, no 12(4), pp. 46–56.

4. Kuznetsov A.V. Kontseptual’nye podkhody k formirovaniyu ustoychivoy mirovoy valyutno-finansovoy sistemy [Conceptual Approaches to Formation of a Sustainable Global Monetary and Financial System]. Finansy: teoriya i praktika, 2023, no 27(4), pp. 164–172.

5. Bulatov A. Kuda dvizhetsya mirovoy kapital [Where is the Global Capital Heading?]. Ekons, available at: https://​econs.​online/articles/opinions/kudadvizhetsya-mirovoy-kapital/

6. FDI income by counterpart area, BMD4. OECD, available at: https://​www.​oecd.​org/

7. Country Composition of WEO Groups. IMF, available at: https://​www.​imf.​org/​en/​Pub​lica​tion​s/​WEO/​weo-​database/​2023/​April/​groups-​and-​aggregates

8. Nesterov I.O. Rezervnye valyuty — istochnik nestabil’nosti mirovoy valyutnoy sistemy? [Reserve Currencies — a Source of Instability in the Global Monetary System?]. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Ekonomika, 2012, no 4, pp. 115–123.

DOI: 10.33917/es-1.199.2025.34-43

The author explores and compares relationship between the energy industry and economic growth of China and Russia through the cointegration equation and the VECM model. The results prove that China’s energy production hasn’t got any long-term or short-term impact on GDP fluctuations and growth, while oil and natural gas consumption has a long-term impact on GDP growth, coal and natural gas consumption has a short-term positive impact on GDP growth. Energy production and consumption in Russia have an impact on GDP growth. Production of renewable energy, coal and natural gas as well as consumption of coal and natural gas have long-term equilibrium effects on GDP growth, while production of coal and natural gas as well as consumption of coal, oil and natural gas cause short-term positive fluctuations in GDP growth.

References:

1. Kraft J., Kraft A. On the Relationship Between Energy and GNP. The Journal of Energy and Development, 1978, no 3(2), pp. 401–403, available at: http://​www.​jstor.​org/​stable/​24806805

2. Yu E., Choi J.Y. The Causal Relationship between Energy and GNP: An International Comparison. Journal of Energy Finance & Development, 1985, no 10, pp. 249–272.

3. Kuzovkin A.I. Prognoz energoemkosti VVP Rossii i razvitykh stran na 2020 g. [Forecast of Energy Intensity of GDP in Russia and Developed Countries for 2020]. Problemy prognozirovaniya, 2010, no 3, pp. 144–148.

4. Wang Xuhui, Liu Yong. China’s energy consumption and economic growth: based on cointegration analysis and Granger causality test. Resources Science, 2007, no 29(5), p. 6.

5. Lola I.S., Gluzdovskiy S.V. Primenenie metodov vektornoy avtoregressii v issledovanii vliyaniya malogo roznichnogo predprinimatel’stva na dinamiku torgovli [Application of Vector Autoregression Methods in the Study of the Impact of Small Retail Businesses on Trade Dynamics]. Voprosy statistiki, 2018, vol. 25, no 11, pp. 3–12, EDN VNBZMD

6. Matveev M.G. Parametricheskaya identifikatsiya modeley vektornoy avtoregressii [Parametric Identification of Vector Autoregression Models]. Sovremennaya ekonomika: problemy i resheniya, 2015, no 5, pp. 133–142, available at: ht tps://​journals.​vsu.​ru/​meps/​article/​view/​4347

7. Yue Xiaowen. Restoration of oil and gas industry: A review of Russia’s oil and gas industry in 2021. International Petroleum Economics, 2022, no 30(5), pp. 47–52.

8. Hou Meifang. The current situation, challenges and countermeasures of China’s energy transformation and energy security under the goal of carbon neutrality. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, no 45(2): 1-1, DOI: 10.11885/j.​issn.1674-5086.2023.​01.​12.​02

DOI: 10.33917/es-1.199.2025.24-33

This article is devoted to the anniversary of the Eurasian Economic Union, which began to function on January 1, 2015. In the article, the authors analyze the difficult historical path of the evolution of Eurasian integration cooperation in the post-Soviet space, the formation of integration ideas and their implementation. The motivations, practice and complex circumstances of the ongoing processes of Eurasian integration are considered.

References:

1. Demografiya v tsifrakh. Statistika Evraziyskoy ekonomicheskoy komissii: Evraziyskaya ekonomicheskaya komissiya [Demography in Figures. Statistics of the Eurasian Economic Commission: Eurasian Economic Commission]. Moscow, 2023, 70 p.

2. Dogovor o Evraziyskom ekonomicheskom soyuze ot 29 maya 2014 g. [Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union of May 29, 2014]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Evraziyskoy ekonomicheskoy komissii; Ofitsial’nyy internet-portal pravovoy informatsii, available at: http://​www.​eur​asia​ncom​miss​ion.​org; http://​pravo.​gov.​ru

3. EAES. Evraziyskaya ekonomicheskaya komissiya. 2020–2023 [EAEU. Eurasian Economic Commission. 2020–2023], available at: https://​eec.​eaeunion.​org/

upload/medialibrary/807/EEC-Book-2020_2023.pdf

4. Oblizina V.V. Integratsionnye protsessy v Evraziyskom ekonomicheskom soobshchestve: institutsional’nye osnovy i tekhnologii realizatsii: diss. … kand.

polit. nauk [Integration Processes in the Eurasian Economic Community: Institutional Foundations and Implementation Technologies: diss…. Candidate of Political Sciences]. N. Novgorod, 2007, 161 p.

5. Soglashenie o sozdanii Sodruzhestva Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv (vmeste s Protokolom k Soglasheniyu o sozdanii Sodruzhestva Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv, podpisannomu 8 dekabrya 1991 g. v g. Minske Respublikoy Belarus’, Rossiyskoy Federatsiey (RSFSR), Ukrainoy); protokol podpisan v g. Alma-Ate 21 dekabrya 1991 g. [Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States (together with the Protocol to the Agreement on the Establishment

of the Commonwealth of Independent States, signed on December 8, 1991 in Minsk by the Republic of Belarus, the Russian Federation (RSFSR), and Ukraine);

the protocol was signed in Alma-Ata on December 21, 1991]. Sodruzhestvo. Informatsionnyy vestnik Sovetov glav gosudarstv i pravitel’stv SNG, 1992, Vyp. 1, pp. 6–8, 11.

6. Reshenie Soveta glav gosudarstv SNG “O prinyatii Ustava SNG” (vmeste s Ustavom Sodruzhestva Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv) (prinyato v g. Minske 22 yanvarya 1993 g.) (s izm. ot 19 sentyabrya 2003 g.) [Decision of the Council of Heads of State of the CIS “On the Adoption of the CIS Charter” (together with the Charterof the Commonwealth of Independent States) (adopted in Minsk on January 22, 1993) (as amended on September 19, 2003)]. Sodruzhestvo. Informatsionnyy

vestnik Sovetov glav gosudarstv i pravitel’stv SNG, 1993, no 1; Byulleten’ mezhdunarodnykh dogovorov, 1994, no 1.

7. Soglashenie o koordinatsionnykh institutakh SNG ot 21 dekabrya 1991 g. [Agreement on the CIS Coordinating Institutions of December 21, 1991]. Vedomosti SND i VS RF, 1991, 19 dekabrya, no 51, st. 1798; Sodruzhestvo. Informatsionnyy vestnik Soveta glav gosudarstv i Soveta glav pravitel’stv SNG, 1992, no 1.

DOI: 10.33917/es-1.199.2025.6-23

The article examines a possible nuclear attack as a civil problem of managing super-large organizational systems. The key tool for structuring the problem is agent-based modeling. Calculations show that even in case of a nuclear attack, the Russian Federation ensures its infrastructural and institutional stability, maintaining all control levers in the loop of state stability and life support for the population while solving the problems of necessary support for defence and security functionality. In this case, a difficult question arises: at what cost?

References:

1. Ageev A.I. Rol’ sanktsiy, konfliktov i spetsoperatsiy: razmyshleniya o budushchem. Chast’ 2 [The Role of Sanctions, Conflicts and Special Operations: Reflections on the Future. Part 2]. Nauchnyy vestnik oboronno-promyshlennogo kompleksa Rossii, 2024, no 1, pp. 33–42.

2. Bakhtizin A.R., Makarov V.L., Loginov E.L., et al. Gibridnye voyny v makroekonomicheskoy supersisteme XXI veka [Hybrid Wars in the Macroeconomic Supersystem of the XXI Century]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2023, vol. 25, no 2(188), pp. 6–23, DOI: ht tps://​doi.​org/​10.​33917/​es-​2.​188.​2023.​6–23.

3. Ageev A.I., Loginov E.L. Novaya bol’shaya voyna: khroniki khorosho zabytogo budushchego [New Large-scale War: Chronicles of Well Forgotten Future]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2014, vol. 16, no 6–7(122–123), pp. 16–33.

4. Makarov V.L., Bakhtizin A.R., Sushko E.D. Natsional’naya strategicheskaya sila stran, mezhdunarodnaya torgovlya i ekonomicheskaya uspeshnost’ stran v nestabil’nom mire [National Strategic Power of Countries, International Trade and Economic Success of Countries in an Unstable World]. Strategirovanie: teoriya i praktika, 2023, vol. 3, no 3(9), pp. 277–297.

5. Pudovkin E. “Ogranichennoy yadernoy voyny ne sushchestvuet”. Eksperty — o tom, naskol’ko real’na ee opasnost’ [“Limited Nuclear War Doesn’t Exist.” Experts on How Real Its Danger Is]. RTVI, 2022, 31 maya, available at: https://​rtvi.​com/​stories/​ogr​anic​henn​oj-​yadernoj-​vojny-​ne-​sus​hhes​tvue​t-​eksperty-​otom-​naskolko-​realna-​ee-​opasnost/

6. Surge: 2023 Global nuclear weapons spending. The International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN).

7. Complicit: 2020 Global Nuclear Weapons Spending. The International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN).

8. 90 sekund do polunochi. Chto nado znat’ o yadernoy voyne i ee posledstviyakh. Ob”yasnyaem, kak mogut vyglyadet’ yadernaya voyna i ee posledstviya, a takzhe kak i gde ot nee mozhno spastis’ [90 Seconds to Midnight. What you need to Know about Nuclear War and its Consequences. We Explain what Nuclear War and its Consequences Might Look like, as Well as How and Where you can Escape from it]. Dzen, 2024, 23 noyabrya, available at: https://​dzen.​ru/​a/​Z0G​bbBQ​HIkb​cs5p​d

9. Analitiki otsenili, skol’ko strany tratyat na yadernoe oruzhie v minutu [Analysts have Estimated how much the Countries Spend on Nuclear Weapons per Minute]. RBK, 2022, 15 iyunya, available at: https://​www.​rbc.​ru/​politics/​15/​06/​2022/​62a​9849​99a7​9471​c65c​e1b2​a

DOI: 10.33917/es-6.198.2024.42-47

The article dwells on cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the fuel and energy sector. The author examines the main areas of cooperation between two countries, which takes place despite their potential competition in the energy market, analyzes the current state of their interaction and identifies prospects for cooperation in the future. Particular attention is paid to the regulatory framework in the oil sector, to development of energy projects, including investment interest, as well as to measures for strengthening partnerships between Russia and Saudi Arabia despite the relatively weak mutual trade turnover. The results analysis makes it possible to draw up conclusions on the significance and prospects for further development of cooperation in the fuel and energy sector between the two countries.

References:

1. V Gosudarstvennoy dume proshel “pravitel’stvennyy chas” s uchastiem ministra inostrannykh del Sergeya Lavrova [A “Government Hour” Was Held in the State Duma With the Participation of Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Gosudarstvennoy dumy Federal’nogo sobraniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2023. 15 fevralya, available at: http://​duma.​gov.​ru/​news/​56388/

2. Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 31 marta 2023 g. N 229 “Ob utverzhdenii Kontseptsii vneshney politiki Rossiyskoy Federatsii” [Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 03/31/2023 No. 229 “On approval of the Concept of Foreign policy of the Russian Federation”]. Konsul’tantPlyus, available at: https://​www.​consultant.​ru/​document/​cons_​doc_​LAW_​443540/​b59​0429​10d7​c1d8​c1b8​879c​93b1​a5fd​7ab9​8523​3/

3. Upravlenie energeticheskoy informatsii SShA [Website]. EIA, available at: eia.​gov

4. Fazel’yanov E. Energeticheskie otnosheniya Rossii s Saudovskoy Araviey [Energy Relations Between Russia and Saudi Arabia]. Mezhdunarodnaya zhizn’. Arkhiv 2 nomera 2021 g., available at: https://​int​eraf​fair​s.​ru/​jauthor/​material/​2472

5. Soglashenie mezhdu Pravitel’stvom Rossiyskoy Federatsii i Pravitel’stvom Korolevstva Saudovskaya Araviya o sotrudnichestve v oblasti nefti i gaza [Agreement Between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on Cooperation in the Field of Oil and Gas]. Ministerstvo inostrannykh del Rossiyskoy Federatsii, available at: https://​www.​mid.​ru/​ru/​foreign_​policy/​int​erna​tion​al_​contracts/​int​erna​tion​al_​contracts/​2_​contract/​46192/

6. Akhmed Mokhamed Abdu Khasan. Energeticheskiy dialog Rossiyskoy Federatsii i Korolevstva Saudovskaya Araviya [Energy Dialogue Between the Russian Federation and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia]. Vestnik Rossiyskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriya: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 2018, vol. 18, no 2, pp. 342–355.

7. Blizhniy Vostok: “zelenoe” zakonodatel’stvo i printsipy ESG [The Middle East: “green” Legislation and ESG Principles]. TsDU TEK. Tsentral’noe dispetcherskoe upravlenie toplivno-energeticheskogo kompleksa, 2023, 29 marta, available at: https://​www.​cdu.​ru/​tek_​russia/​issue/​2023/​1/​1110/

DOI: 10.33917/es-6.198.2024.36-41

In the modern world, deep structural changes are taking place due to changes in technological structures. This process is accompanied by dramatic changes in the system of economic assessments and large-scale shifts in the economy.

Global energy industry is facing serious challenges and upheavals, requiring the search for new development opportunities for the fuel and electric complex. There are two key components implied here. The first one is the energy challenges facing the Eurasian Economic Union. The second is the readiness to overcome them through joint efforts.

References:

[1] — [15] no 5/2024, p. 31.

16. Movkebaeva G.A., Ondash A.O., Bimagambetova Zh.T., Saiylybaev A.M. Formirovanie obshchego energeticheskogo rynka EAES kak faktor obespecheniya energeticheskoy bezopasnosti Evraziiyskogo ekonomicheskogo soyuza [Formation of the Common EAEU Energy Market as a Factor in Ensuring Energy Security of the Eurasian Economic Union]. Vestnik KazNU. Seriya filosofii, kul’turologii i politologii, 2018, no 65(3), pp. 97–104, available at: https://​bulletin-​philospolit.​kaznu/index.​php/​1-​pol/​article/​view/​701

17. Reshenie Vysshego Evraziyskogo ekonomicheskogo soveta ot 8 maya 2015 g. N 12 “O Kontseptsii formirovaniya obshchego elektroenergeticheskogo rynka Evraziyskogo ekonomicheskogo soyuza” [Decision of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council dated May 8, 2015 No. 12 “On the Concept of Forming a Common Electric Power Market of the Eurasian Economic Union”]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Evraziyskogo ekonomicheskogo soyuza, 2015, 12 maya, available at: http://​www.​eaeunion.​org/

18. Reshenie Vysshego ekonomicheskogo soveta ot 31 maya 1916 g. N 7 “O Kontseptsii formirovaniya obshchego rynka gaza Evraziyskogo ekonomicheskogo soyuza” [Decision of the Supreme Economic Council of May 31, 1916 No. 7 “On the Concept of Forming a Common Gas Market of the Eurasian Economic Union”]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Evraziyskogo ekonomicheskogo soyuza, 2016, 31 maya, available at: http://​www.​eaeunion.​org//

19. Reshenie Vysshego Evraziyskogo ekonomicheskogo soveta ot 6 dekabrya 2018 g N 18 “O formirovanii obshchego rynka gaza Evraziyskogo ekonomicheskogo soyuza” (vmeste s “Programmoy formirovaniya obshchego rynka gaza Evraziyskogo ekonomicheskogo soyuza”, “Planom meropriyatiy po formirovaniyu obshchego rynka gaza Evraziyskogo ekonomicheskogo soyuza”) [Decision of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council of December 6, 2018 No. 18 «On the Formation of a Common Gas Market of the Eurasian Economic Union» (together with the «Program for the Formation of a Common Gas Market of the Eurasian Economic Union», «Plan of Measures for the Formation of a Common Gas Market of the Eurasian Economic Union»)]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Evraziyskogo ekonomicheskogo soyuza, 2018, 7 dekabrya, available at: http://​www.​eaeunion.​org/

20. Rasporyazhenie Vysshego Evraziyskogo ekonomicheskogo soveta ot 1 oktyabrya 2019 g. N 6 “O garmonizatsii zakonodatel’stva gosudarstv — chlenov Evraziyskogo ekonomicheskogo soyuza v sfere transportirovki i postavki gaza mezhdu gosudarstvami-chlenami” [Order of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council dated October 1, 2019 No. 6 “On Harmonizing Legislation of the Member States of the Eurasian Economic Union in the Field of Gas Transportation and Supply between Member States”]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Evraziyskogo ekonomicheskogo soyuza, 2019, 2 oktyabrya, available at: http://​eaeunion.​org/

DOI: 10.33917/es-6.198.2024.26-35

In the first part of this article, the authors proposed to consider productivism as a new paradigm of socio-economic development. It, advocating for supply-side economic measures, not feeling piet y towards international markets and calling for protectionism, is intended to replace the intellectually bankrupt paradigm of neoliberalism that dominated the world at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. Such “paradigm shif t” is necessary to ensure theoretically a “technological leap” — the key to global economic leadership in the 21st century. Previously, the authors have developed factors for the national economy transition to a new technological level. In this ar ticle, they will receive a quantitative assessment, which will allow to determine the ordinal probability of technological transition for the world’s leading countries. The proposed methodological approach will make it possible to position the Russian economy in these processes, as well as to identif y barriers hindering its economic development, and outline prospects for overcoming these barriers.

References:

[1] — [26] no 5/2024, pp. 20–21.

27. Belousov D.R., Sal’nikov V.A., et al. Ekonomika-2040: ot novykh usloviy — k novym deystviyam: kratkaya versiya doklada (kontseptual’naya chast’): Proekt Gorizont-2040 [Economy-2040: from New Conditions to New Actions: a Short Version of the Report (Conceptual Part): Project Horizon-2040]. TsMAKP, 2023, 28 dekabrya, available at: http://​www.​forecast.​ru/_​ARCHIVE/​Pre​sent​atio​ns/​DBelousov/​2023_​12_​ecoshortfin.​pdf

28. World Economic Forum. The Global Risks Report’2024. World Economic Forum, available at: https://​www.​weforum.​org/​pub​lica​tion​s/​global-​risks-​report-​2024/

29. Gross domestic product 2022, PPP. World Development Indicators database. World Bank, 1 July 2023, available at: https://​dat​aban​kfil​es.​worldbank.​org/​public/​ddpext_​download/​GDP_​PPP.​pdf

30. Kobyakov A.B., Khazin M.L. Zakat imperii dollara i konets “Pax Americana” [The Decline of the Dollar Empire and the End of Pax Americana]. Moscow, Veche, 2003.

31. Irkhin A.A. Mir gotov razvalit’sya na neskol’ko makroregionov [The World is Ready to Fall Apart into Several Macro-regions]. Sluzhba novostey ForPost, 2020, 9 aprelya, available at: https://​sevastopol.​su/​news/​mir-​gotov-​razvalitsya-​na-​neskolko-​mak​rore​gion​ov

32. Teplyakov A.​Yu., Tolkachev S.A. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya v geoekonomicheskoy dueli XXI veka [Russian Federation in the Geo-Economic Duel of the 21^st Century]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2023, no 6, pp. 6–15, DOI: https://​doi.​org/​10.​33917/​es-​6.​192.​2023.​6-​15

33. The Leisure Gains from International Trade. IMF, 2024, available at: https://​www.​imf.​org/​en/​Pub​lica​tion​s/​WP/​Issues/​2024/​01/​19/​The-​Leisure-​Gains-​from-​Int​erna​tion​al-​Trade-​543871

34. Protsentnaya sistema. Trading Economics, available at: https://​ru.​tra​ding​econ​omic​s.​com/​country-​list/​interest-​rate

35. Main Economic Indicators. Vol. 2023, iss. 12, available at: https://​www.​oecd-​ilibrary.​org/​economics/​main-​economic-​indicators/​volume-​2023/​issue-​12_​ded67b87-​en

DOI: 10.33917/es-6.198.2024.16-25

Trump has become the US president. It doesn’t matter anymore what role the sympathies of voters, political technologies or a well-known force action played. Inviolability of the Atlantic spells about the dominance of democracy has been refuted by the harsh realities of world politics and economics. Vector of the global attack has been determined – China. Is there a chance of success if it has revealed not possible to achieve the goals set with Russia? How will Russia act in the new situation? Who and how will be able to form new, more harmonious foundations of the world order? Is the BRICS+++ group capable of this task?”.

References:

1. Sibileva E.A. Zachem lyudi plachut: o prirode slez [Why People Cry: On the Nature of Tears]. MedAboutMe. URL: https://​medaboutme.​ru/​articles/​zachem_​lyudi_​plachut_​o_​prirode_​slez/

2. Ageev A.I., Loginov E.L. KOMBINATORIKA VTOROGO TRAMPA: Pokushenie. Chast’ I. Geostrategiya [SECOND TRUMP COMBINATORICS: Assassination Attempt. Part I. Geostrategy]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2024, vol. 26, no 4(196), pp. 18–25, DOI: https://​doi.​org/​10.​33917/​es-​4.​196.​2024.​18-​25

3. Ageev A.I. Rol’ sanktsiy, konfliktov i spetsoperatsiy: razmyshleniya o budushchem. Chast’ 2 [The Role of Sanctions, Conflicts and Special Operations: Reflections on the Future. Part 2]. Nauchnyy vestnik oboronno-promyshlennogo kompleksa Rossii, 2024, no 1, pp. 33–42.

4. Teoriya i strategiya stanovleniya ustoychivogo mnogopolyarnogo miroustroystva na baze partnerstva tsivilizatsiy (Yaltinskogo mira – 2): Vol. 1. Nauchnye osnovy stanovleniya ustoychivogo mnogopolyarnogo miroustroystva i Bol’shogo evraziyskogo partnerstva [Theory and Strategy for Forming a Sustainable Multipolar World Order Based on the Partnership of Civilizations (Yalta Peace – 2): Vol. 1. Scientific Foundations for the Development of a Sustainable Multipolar World Order and the Greater Eurasian Partnership]. Monografiya. Sost. i nauch. red. Yu.V. Yakovets, A.A. Akaev, S.​Yu. Malkov. Moscow, MISK — INES, 2020, 816 p.

5. Ageev A.I., Bakhtizin A.R., Makarov V.L., Loginov E.L., Khabriev B.R. Ekonomicheskiy fundament pobedy: strategicheskiy prognoz ustoychivosti ekonomiki Rossii v usloviyakh sanktsionnykh atak [Economic Foundation of Victory: a Strategic Forecast for the Russian Economy Stability in the Face of Sanctions]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2023, vol. 25, no 3(189), pp. 6–15. DOI: https://​doi.​org/​10.​33917/​es-​3.​189.​2023.​6-​15

6. Ageev A.I., Loginov E.L. Strategicheskaya predopredelennost’ spetsial’nykh voennykh operatsiy v mirovoy supersisteme [Strategic Predetermination of Special Military Operations in the World Supersystem]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2023, vol. 25, no 4(190), pp. 6–19, DOI: https://​doi.​org/​10.​33917/​es-​4.​190.​2023.​6-​19

7. Loginov E.L. Tsifrovye tekhnologii politicheskoy bor’by: neyrosetevye imperativy informatsionnogo protivodeystviya popytkam perekhvata upravleniya v sotsial’no-politicheskoy srede [Digital Technologies of Political Struggle: Neural Network Imperatives of Information Counteraction to Attempts at Interception of Control in the Socio-Political Environment]. Moscow, Rusayns, 2024, 234 p.

DOI: 10.33917/es-5.197.2024.56-61

The study covers key trends in the agricultural sector, institutional foundations for their development in the Kyrgyz Republic, and also presents some mechanisms for their implementation in crop production and the main problems that hinder this process.

References:

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DOI: 10.33917/es-5.197.2024.50-55

The article dwells on some current aspects of foreign direct investment (FDI) migration in Russia and abroad. The aim of the study is an attempt to theoretically reassess the role of monetary and credit mechanisms of FDI. The article provides information on the trends and pressing development problems of Russian FDI exports into the countries of Eurasian region and BRICS. According to the research, restrictive monetary policy in Russia is a significant obstacle to economic growth, foreign economic relations and FDI exports. Many economic indicators of the Russian Federation are negatively affected by the high key rate of the Bank of Russia. However, due to monopolistic structure of the Russian economy and many other factors, the restrictive monetary policy of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation often causes not only suppression of inflation and the increase in the production competitiveness, but excessive enrichment of a number of companies, banks and individuals at the expense of the economy as a whole. In the long term, in order to stimulate foreign direct investment, it seems feasible for the Bank of Russia to gradually shift from a restrictive monetary policy to a stimulating one, including for the purpose of optimal development of Russian FDI exports into the countries of the Eurasian region and BRICS.

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