DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.108.2023.52-60

This article provides an analytical review of government programs and incentive projects for leading EU companies in the use of renewable energy sources (RES), hydrogen and recycling of municipal solid waste (MSW) under economic sanctions. It has been established that the federal government of Germany, as the leading EU country, as part of stimulating the use of renewable energy, has launched a series of public and public-private (with the involvement of large investors) projects and financing programs that are aimed at private households, as well as municipalities and companies. The 7 largest projects and programs for the use of renewable energy and hydrogen were analyzed, as well as the 6 largest projects and programs for the recycling of solid waste. It has been established that renewable energy sources have begun to play an important role in the structure of the energy balance of the entire European Union, in no way inferior to fossil fuels.

References:

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2. Alekseev A.E., Novitsky I.Yu., Zhenzhebir V.N., Pshava T.S., Dadugin M.V. Energy security in the European Union: problems of «dependence» and development. Online journal of Science Studies. 2015;7(6 (31):3. (In Russ).

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7. Polyanskaya O.A., Tatarenko V.N. Economics and management of an energy enterprise. Textbook in the direction 13.03.01 «Heat power engineering and heat engineering» profile «Industrial heat power engineering». St. Petersburg, 2020.

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9. Stolyarova A.N., Shutov O.L., Mustafinova D.S. Problems of strategic management of the development of the fuel and energy complex of Russia. Bulletin of MIRBIS. 2022;1 (29):92-99. (In Russ).

10. Teslenko I.B., Prochnova A.A. Forecast scenarios for the development of energy markets. Economics and management: problems, solutions. 2020;3(11(107)):15-19. (In Russ).

11. Filatov V.V., Dorofeev A.Yu., Palastina I.P., Polozhentseva I.V., Tsarev A.A. The economy of Russia and the Eurozone: the current state and prospects of development. Online journal of Science Studies. 2015;7(2 (27)):78. (In Russ).

DOI: 10.33917/mic-5.106.2022.79-86

Import substitution as a factor in the growth of domestic production in 2022 is again a relevant process, firstly, due to the consequences of geopolitical tensions, which entailed, among other things, the outflow of personnel, and secondly, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in destruction of established logistics links and supply chains.

The article analyzes the process of import substitution on the example of the largest Russian generating company in the nuclear industry – the State Corporation «Rosatom».

DOI: 10.33917/mic-5.106.2022.69-78

The situation with unstable gas supply and energy supply in the EU has become more complicated in connection with the start of the military special operation of the Russian Federation in Ukraine, which has dramatically changed the situation with the energy supply in Europe. The EU predicts to reduce the consumption of Russian gas, while experiencing a shortage of gas.

Germany could use Nord Stream 2 gas, as former German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder called for in early August this year after his visit to Moscow. This step would solve Germany’s gas supply problems for a long period. However, the EU and Germany previously refused to use Nord Stream 2 for political reasons.

The situation changed radically when, on September 26, 2022, a sabotage was committed on the Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2 gas pipelines, as a result of which sections of gas pipes were torn off near the island of Bornholm (Denmark). As a result, one billion m3 of gas flows out of the pipes. Repair of ruptured pipes can take several months. Europe will remain in autumn and winter without Russian gas.

LNG will not be able to replace Russian gas due to the limited number of points for its reception, as well as the rise in the cost of LNG by 20-30% compared to pipeline Russian gas. In addition, until 2030, EU LNG imports will be limited due to insufficient LNG production capacities in the US and the world, as well as Asian countries’ competition in LNG consumption.

References:

1. Bloomfield H.C., Brayshaw D.J., Troccoli A., Goodess C.M., De Felice M., Dubus L., Bett P.E., Saint-Drenan Y.-M. Quantifying the sensitivity of european power systems to energy scenarios and climate change projections, Renewable Energy, Volume 164, February 2021. pp. 1062-1075.

2. Frank Ch., Fiedler S., Crewell S. Balancing potential of natural variability and extremes in photovoltaic and wind energy production for European countries, Renewable Energy, Volume 163, January 2021. pp. 674-684.

3. Wang S., Tarroja B., Schell L., Samuelsen S. Determining cost-optimal approaches for managing excess renewable electricity in decarbonized electricity systems, Renewable Energy, Volume 178, November 2021. pp. 1187-1197.

4. Umerenkov E. There is gas, but not for you. URL: https://www.kp.ru/daily/27289/4427398/

5. Tikhonov S. Lost in prohibitions // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. August 11, 2022. P. 5. (In Russ.).

6. Alifirova E. New IEA forecast. URL: https://neftegaz.ru/news/finance/742705-novye-prognozy-mea-sokrashchenie-mirovogo-sprosa-na-gaz-v-2022-g-padenie-rossiyskikh-postavok-v-evro/

7. International Energy Agency (IEA) Quarterly Gas Market Report, July 5, 2022 (Gas Market Report, Q2-2022 including Global Gas Review 2021). URL: https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/cfd2441e-cd24-413f-bc9f-eb5ab7d82076/GasMarketReport%2CQ2-2022.pdf

8. Smil V. The use of fossil fuels has increased by 20% since the beginning of the century // Vedomosti. June 02, 2022. (In Russ.).

9. Kuzovkin A.I. Climate, the role of fuel and renewable energy sources. Microeconomics. 2022;3:28-37. (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.33917/mic-4.105.2022.65-73

This study considers the analysis of modern conditions in the energy market, which currently objectively requires a fundamentally new strategic management of natural gas consumption at industrial enterprises. The existing strategy for the energy-efficient use of natural gas does not meet the current energy situation in the world and does not allow a comprehensive assessment of all the processes that take place at the enterprise, which in turn affects the environmental situation, the efficiency of the use of natural gas and the rational formation of the fuel and energy balance of an industrial enterprise. Systemic conceptual provisions are needed that would allow the fundamentally new implementation of strategic energy management at the enterprise, which would ensure sustainable economic growth of the industrial enterprise and environmental balance in the region.

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1. Akmaeva R.I. Development of effective management at industrial enterprises in Russia: Author’s abstract. diss. … doct. eq. Sciences / R.I. Akmaeva. Volgograd. 2007. 49 p. (In Russ.).

2. Burkov V.N., Zalozhnev A. Yu., Leontyev S. V., Novikov D. A., Chernyshev R. A. Mechanisms for financing regional development programs. Moscow: IPU RAN, 2002. 55 p. (In Russ.).

3. Nikiforov G.V., Zaslavets B.I. Energy saving at metallurgical enterprises. Magnitogorsk, MSTU, 2000. (In Russ.).

4. Theory of forecasting and decision making. M.: Higher school, 1977. 145 p. (In Russ.).

5. Lisienko V.G., Shchelokov Ya.M. Energy analysis – methodology of energy saving in metallurgy // Energy of the region. 2000. No. 1. (In Russ.).

6. Nekrasov A.S. Construction and analysis of the energy balance. (Questions of methodology and methodology) / A.S. Nekrasov, Yu.B. Sinyak, V.A. Yanpolsky. Moscow: Nauka, 1974. 180 p. (In Russ.).

7. Beschinsky A.A. Energy saving policy and development of electrification / А.А. Beschinsky, Yu.M. Kogan // Economic problems of electrification / A.A. Beschinsky, Yu.M. Kogan. M., 1983. Ch 2.P. 297-335. (In Russ.).

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9. Koksharov V.A. The concept of effective management of energy consumption of an industrial enterprise // Bulletin of the UMO Series «Economics, statistics and informatics». Moscow: MESI, 2014;4:66-71. (In Russ.).

10. Koksharov V.A. The concept of effective energy consumption management of an industrial enterprise // Bulletin of the UMO Series «Economics, statistics and informatics». Moscow: MESI, 2014;4:66-71. (In Russ.).

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13. Kirshina I.A. Formation of a mechanism for strategic management of natural gas consumption by industrial enterprises // Microeconomics.2022;3:12-20. (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.33917/mic-4.105.2022.53-64

Asset Retirement Obligations (ARO) are legal obligations to complete the closure of a facility when a long-lived tangible asset, such as an oil well, offshore platform, pipeline, or terminal, is permanently decommissioned. The most common type of ARO for an oilfield is the legal requirement to plug and abandon and restore the site of oil and gas wells to their original natural level at the end of their useful life.

The term «oilfield ARO» is used to cover the full range of statutory activities for the disposal of oil assets, including reclamation and environmental restoration. Interim and subsequent ARO carry additional financial risks.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-4.105.2022.45-52

The article is devoted to approaches to structuring the subjects of the Russian gas industry taking into account the role of the gas industry in the state economy and its unique features. The article discusses global challenges for the Russian gas industry in the conditions of energy transition. An analysis of the structuring of the subjects of the gas industry of Russia is being carried out; foreign experience is being considered with the identification of key features. An author’s approach to structuring the subjects of the gas industry of Russia is offered, combining the strengths of Russian and foreign approaches.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-3.104.2022.28-37

In 2021, the cost of building solar panels has risen in price by 50%, and wind power plants (WPP) by 13%. Many experts write about their further significant growth. This is also noted in The Global Risks Report 2022 at the World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos in 2022. Thus, the price of polysilicon over the past year has increased by about 3 times, the price of hot-rolled steel has doubled. Steel production is a process with a high share of CO2 emissions. The era of relatively inexpensive renewable energy is over.

In the coming years, the failure of the climate action of the «green transformation», the growth of fuel consumption, energy and economic crises are coming.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-3.104.2022.21-27

The article considers options for placing a floating solar power plant, compares floating and ground-based solar power plants, presents the results of modeling solar energy generation, optimizing the angle of inclination of solar modules relative to the horizontal plane, and choosing the optimal solution.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-3.104.2022.12-20

The work is devoted to the analysis of modern conceptual approaches to the strategic management of natural gas in industrial enterprises. The research was based on a systematic approach, methods of analysis and synthesis of indicators of the economics of natural gas consumption. The analysis showed that at present a number of issues related to the effective management of energy consumption remain unresolved, which affects the quality of the fuel and energy balance of the enterprise. The author proposes a conceptual approach to the strategic management of natural gas consumption, which uses a situational matrix model for planning an energy efficiency strategy for natural gas consumption based on the life cycle of energy efficient technologies.

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2. Zavadsky V.V. Economic foundations of technological development. Neb. Naberezhnye Chelny, 1998. 121 p.

3. Tyshkevich K.V. Formation of a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of technological innovations at enterprises. N.-Novgorod, 2003. 158 p.

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5. Kirshina I.A. The concept of situational and strategic planning of natural gas consumption at an industrial enterprise. I.A. Kirshina, V.A. Koksharov. Microeconomics. 2021;6 (101):58-68.

6. Bobryshov A.M. Innovative energy-saving technologies in the electric power industry. Evaluation of efficiency and stimulation of capital investments / A.M. Bobryshov, E. M. Kosmatov, V. Sh. Telyashova; edited by Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor E. E. Ovcharova. Belgorod: Publishing House of BSTU, 2015. 112 p.

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8. Tumanovsky A.G., Morozov O.V. Reserves of energy and resource saving at small thermal power plants, in boiler houses and heat supply systems // Materials of the V Moscow International Exhibition Dorcomexpo, 2003.

9. Telyashova V.Sh. Methods of evaluating the effectiveness of energy-saving technologies in the production and transmission of energy: dis. Candidate of Economic Sciences. St. Petersburg, 2009. 127 p.

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13. Batenin V.M., Maslennikov V.M. About the strategy of development of Russian energy. Gas turbine technologies. 1999;3:48-62.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-3.104.2022.5-11

The work is devoted to the generalization of scientific methods and practical approaches for choosing an effective gas motorization policy. Domestic and foreign peculiarities of evaluating the economic efficiency of projects in the field of gas motor fuel are disclosed in detail. The author describes the assessment of the environmental and economic benefits of natural gas motor fuel based on the calculation of social costs, the cost-benefit analysis.

The conclusion is made about the insufficient development of the model of the functioning of the gas engine market, cooperation and competitive behavior of participants, methods for assessing its economic efficiency and commercial potential at the national level and the level of economic entities.

References:

1. IvanovA.V., KarpelE.M., SarkisovA.S.Strategicproblemsofusingnaturalgasasa motor fuel. M .: «Publishing House of the Russian State University of Oil and Gas named after.I.M. Gubkin», 2011. 94 p., ill.

2. Ivanov A.V., Karpel E.M., Sarkisov A.S.Evaluation of the corporate and economic (social) efficiency of projects for the sale of natural gas as a motor fuel in vehicles//Oil, gas and business. 2014;4:14-21.

3. Johnson C., Nobler E., Eudy L., Jeffers M. Financial analysis of battery electric transit buses. – National Renewable Energy Lab.(NREL), Golden, CO (United States), 2020. №. NREL/TP-5400-74832.

4. Johnson С. Business Case for Compressed Natural Gas in Municipal Fleets. Technical Report NREL/TP-540-38843. 2006.

5. Karpel E.E., Zubareva V.D., Ivanov A.V. Methods for economic assessment of the effectiveness of gas industry development; Ed. V.D. Zubareva. M.: Oil and gas, 2000. 104 p.

6. Andreev A.F., Dunaev V.F., Zubareva V.D.Fundamentals of design analysis in the oil and gas industry. M.: UMTs of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, 1997.

7. Barnitt R., K. Chandler L. Eudy 2006, New York City Transit Hybrid and CNG Transit Buses: Interim Evaluation Results, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Report NREL/TP-540-38843.

8. Cohen J.T., Hammitt J.K., Levy J.I. Fuels for urban transit buses: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Environmental Science and Technology 37: 1477–1484. 2003.

9. Kuzina E.A.Updating the regulatory and technical base in the field of operation of gas-engine transport and equipment. Gas industry.2015;S3(728):94-95.

10. Makarova I.V., Khabibullin R.G., Valiev I.I., Gabsalikhova L.M.Transfer of vehicles to natural gas fuel: advantages, prospects, risks. Transport: science, technology, management.2014;1:52-55.

11. India Raises Profile of CNG for Transportation. URL: http://www.ngvglobal.com/blog/india-raises-profile-of-cng-for-transportation-0911.

12. Bagdasarov L.N. Advantages of natural gas as a motor fuel. Gas industry. 2017;10 (759):12-18.

13. Bukharov D.B. The economic effect of the conversion of municipal transport to gas motor fuel. Transport on alternative fuel. 2015;2 (44):37-40.

14. Velnikovsky A.A. Modeling of the infrastructure of automobile gas-filling compressor stations in St. Petersburg. Bulletin of Civil Engineers. 2017;4(63):201-204.