DOI: 10.33917/mic-2.121.2025.111-117

The article discusses the process of methanol production from hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (СО₂) as a promising direction in the field of gas chemistry. Methanol, which is the most common inhibitor of the formation of gas hydrates, can be synthesized from CO₂. The paper describes in detail the main stages of the process, discusses modern technological solutions such as the use of «green» hydrogen, and shows the economic and environmental aspects of production.

References:

Karasevich V.A. Fundamentals of hydrogen energy: Textbook. Moscow: Publishing Center of Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (NIU), 2023. 100 p.

2. LUKOIL–West Siberia LLC.  URL: https://zs.lukoil.ru/ru/About/Structure/Yamalneftegaz

3. Prospects for the use of a carbon dioxide capture unit at the branches of PJSC Mosenergo / S.A. Petelin, A.N. Vivchar, P.V. Bubley, V.A. Serdyukov, O.Yu. Sigitov, 2022. 32 p.

 4. Noerma J. Azhari, Denanti Erika, St. Mardiana, Thalabul Ilmi, Melia L. Gunawan, I. G. B. N. Makertihartha, Grandprix T. M. Kadja. Methanol synthesis from CO2: A mechanical overview. Results in Engineering, 2022.

5. The wind power. URL: https://www.thewindpower.net/turbine_en_460_unison_u57.php

DOI: 10.33917/mic-2.121.2025.106-110

The energy system is a complex multi-dimensional and multi-criteria optimization system, and the energy development levels in different regions and at different stages of development are different. The Development and Reform Commission of China and the Energy Administration in the «Strategy for Energy Production and Revolution (2016–2030)» proposed that China’s inter-regional energy transformation should be based on security and focus on high-quality development, so as to promote the spatial effect of energy development on economic growth. This paper selects data from 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2022, and uses Moran’s index and spatial Durbin’s error model to study the impact and spatial effect of China’s energy industry development on economic growth.

References:

1. Tobler W.R. A computer movie simulating urban growth in the Detroit region. Economic geography. 1970;46:234-240.

2. Cressie N. Statistics for spatial data. John Wiley & Sons. 2015. pp. 633-649.

3. LeSage J., Pace R.K. Introduction to spatial econometrics. Chapman and Hall, 2009.

4. Elhorst J.P. Spatial econometrics: from cross-sectional data to spatial panels. Heidelberg: Springer, 2014. 119 p.

5. Demidova O.A. Spatial aspects of wage curve estimation in Russia / O.A. Demidova, E.A. Timofeeva. Journal of the New Economic Association. 2021; 3(51):69-101.

6. Fingleton B. Estimates of time to economic convergence: an analysis of regions of the European Union. International regional science review. 1999;22(1):5-34.

7. Rey S.J., Montouri B.D. US regional income convergence: a spatial econometric perspective. Regional studies. 1999;33(2):143-156.

8. Guo Shouting, Jin Zhibo. Research on the spatial spillover effect of digital inclusive finance on regional industrial structure upgrading. Economic Perspectives. 2022;6:77-87.

9. Li Jiang, Wu Yuming. A review of cutting-edge theories, methods and applications of spatial econometrics. Contemporary Economic Management. 2024;06:30-41.

10. Anselin L. Lagrange multiplier test diagnostics for spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity. Geographical analysis. 1988;20(1):1-17.

11. Su Yi, Lin Zhouzhou. Research on the spatial effect and influencing factors of regional innovation activities. Journal of Quantitative and Technical Economics. 2017;11:63-80.

12. Tang Baojun, Wu Yun, Wang Chongzhou, Zou Ying. Research on Provincial Energy High-quality Development Index (2012-2022). Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology (Social Sciences Edition). 2023;02:17-23.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-2.121.2025.101-105

Technologies largely determine the economic efficiency of project decisions and play a key role in gaining a competitive advantage. Currently, oil and gas companies are faced with the issue of forming a long-term development strategy for emerging energy transition, including setting priorities for allocating funds to the development of technologies in the field of renewable energy sources and low-carbon projects. The article presents the results of systematization and prioritization of such technologies and their use in the development of strategies for «smart investment» in «green» technologies.

References:

1. The Future of Geothermal Energy, International Energy Agency. URL:   https://www.iea.org/reports/the-future-of-geothermal-energy

2. How a Technology Similar to Fracking Can Store Renewable Energy Underground Without Lithium Batteries, Incide Climate News. URL:   https://insideclimatenews.org/news/27082024/renewable-energy-underground-storage-technology

3. Telegina E.A., Chapaykin D.A. Directions of energy transition in the policy of global oil and gas companies, Problems of forecasting, 2022;5:129-137.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.120.2025.82-87

The article examines and describes in detail the main types of energy storage devices used in space, namely nickel-cadmium (NiCd) and lithium-ion (Li-ion). A comparison of these storage systems is conducted and their economic efficiency is evaluated.

References:

1. Nadaraia C.G., Shestakov I. Ja., Fadeev A.A. and more. Improving energy efficiency of power system supply of the perspective space vehicles. Siberian aerospace journal. 2016;17(4):983-988.

2. Kuzmina N.A. Spacecraft power supply system. Reshetnevskie readings. 2017; 21-1:274-276.

3. N+1. Energy in space. How ships and satellites are charged. URL: https://nplus1.ru/material/2020/02/27/energy-in-space

4. Wybor. All about nickel-cadmium batteries: characteristics, operation, pros and cons. URL: https://wybor-battery.com/blog/stati/vse-o-nikel-kadmievyh-akkumulyatorah-harakteristiki-ekspluataciya-plyusy-i-minusy

5. Wybor. Application of nickel-cadmium batteries (Ni-Cd). URL: https://wybor-battery.com/blog/stati/primenenie-nikel-kadmievyh-akkumulyatorov-ni-cd

6. Stuart T.A., Hande A. HEV battery heating using AC currents. J. Power Sources. 2004;129:368-378.

7. MOTOMA. Solar Panels and Energy Storage Battery – Advanced Spacecraft Power Systems. URL: https://motoma.com/industry/solar-panels-and-energy-storage-battery—advanced-spacecraft-power-systems.html

8. NEOVOLT. Batteries burn space: from nickel-cadmium to lithium-ion. URL: https://dzen.ru/a/Zbz3-N-ASUf70T_0

9. Anil D. Pathak, Shalakha Saha, Vikram Kishore Bharti and more. A review on battery technology for space application. Journal of Energy Storage. 2023;61.

10. Khromov A.V. Lithium-ion batteries for low-orbit spacecraft. Questions of electromechanics. 2016;152(3):20-28.

11. Fan X., Liu B., Liu J. and more. Battery technologies for grid-level large-scale electrical energy storage. Trans. Tianjin Univ. 2020;26:92-103.

12. UFine Battery. What Is the Energy Density of a Lithium-Ion Battery? URL: https://www.ufinebattery.com/blog/what-is-the-energy-density-of-a-lithium-ion-battery/

13. TASS News Agency. NIIkhimmash stated that the cost of delivering cargo to the ISS starts from 1 million rubles per kg. URL: https://tass.ru/kosmos/16211151

14. Habr. New Japanese batteries made from diamonds and carbon-14 will outlive their owner, his grandchildren and great-grandchildren. URL: https://habr.com/ru/companies/selectel/articles/545046/

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.120.2025.74-81

In the context of modern sanctions against Russia and the high demand of various types of oil and gas business for material and technical resources, equipment, and technologies, it is necessary to consider various scenarios for the development of the situation. At the same time, for making managerial decisions, including in the field of resource procurement, it is possible to compare the postulates of microeconomics on consumer behavior with the situation in the field of purchasing necessary equipment, spare parts, basic and auxiliary materials for the needs of oil and gas production. The results of the work provide opportunities for systematization of factors influencing decision-making in the search for import-substituting technological equipment for oil and gas production or the purchase of affordable fixed and working capital of foreign or domestic production.

References:

1. Makhovikova G.A. Microeconomics. Advanced course: textbook and practice for universities / G. A. Makhovikova, S. V. Pereverzeva. Moscow: Yurait Publishing House, 2025. 313 с.

2.  Federal Law of 05.04.2013 № 44-FZ «On the contractual system in the sphere of procurement of goods, works, services to ensure state and municipal needs». URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_144624/

3.  Pelmeneva A.A. Assessment of the oil and gas equipment quality influence on the economic efficiency of the company activity. Management of quality in oil and gas complex (UKANG). 2013;3:23-26.

4.  Pelmeneva A.A. Formation of innovative mechanisms of economic development of Russia. Microeconomics. 2023;5:5-15.

5.  Federal Law of 18.07.2011 No. 223-FZ (ed. 08.08.2024) «On Procurement of Goods, Works, Services by Certain Types of Legal Entities» (with amendments and additions, effective from 01.01.2025). URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_116964/

6.  Federal Law of 31.12.2014 № 488-FZ (ed. of 30.11.2024) «On Industrial Policy in the Russian Federation» (with amendments and additions, effective from 20.12.2024). URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_173119/

7.  List of goods (including those supplied in the course of performance of purchased works, provision of purchased services) originating from foreign states, works, services, respectively performed, rendered by foreign citizens, foreign legal entities, in respect of which the prohibition of purchases for state and municipal needs, purchases by certain types of legal entities is established. URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_494318/dc1993c2b5c2478f2ab15f73dba12882e6b458c8/

DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.119.2024.40-49

The avalanche-like flow of innovations, instability in the global political arena, sanctions policy, shortage of qualified personnel complicates the development of strategic sectoral solutions for staffing in the Russian labor market. The personnel support system, as a complex system, is formed by a set of interconnected and interacting, but structurally relatively autonomous subsystems. At the corporate level, the system of continuous training and human resource development is aimed at meeting the strategic need of the company for qualified personnel in its priority areas. The formation of training programs for the personnel reserve using foresight technologies allows you to focus the company’s resources and achieve the so-called «dynamic equilibrium» according to A. Bogdanov [1]. The transition from strategic forecasting of required qualifications in the industry to planning of demanded competencies based on foresight technologies makes it possible to increase the competitiveness of the company.

References:

1. Bogdanov A.A. Tectology. General organizational science: in 2 books. M.: Economica, 1989. 304 p.

2. Budzinskaya O.V. Personnel supply system as a mechanism for expanded reproduction of human resources: dis. Doctor of Economics: 08.00.05. M., 2022. 321 p.

3. Connor J., McDermott I. The art of systems thinking: essential knowledge about systems and a creative approach to problem solving. M.: Alpina Publisher, 2018. 256 p.

4. Martynov V.G., Budzinskaya O.V., Sheinbaum V.S. Design of a system of expanded reproduction of personnel for the fuel and energy complex in the context of the next reform of engineering education. Standard of living of the population of the regions of Russia. 2024. Vol. 20. No. 2. P. 243–257.

5. Golden hands: Russia has a total personnel shortage. Forbes. URL: https://www.forbes.ru/biznes/497478-zolotye-ruki-v-rossii-total-nyj-deficit-kadrov

6. Personnel reserve program. URL: https://rosnefteflot.rosneft.ru/Development/personnel/reserve/

7. Budzinskaya O.V. Forecasting the need for qualified personnel using the example of the oil and gas industry. Social and labor research. 2020; 40(3):81–89.

8. Budzinskaya O.V. Foresight of competence or forecasting the structure of personnel in the context of the global system of division of labor. Education. Science. Scientific personnel. 2020. No. 4. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/forsayt-kompetentsii-ili-prognozirovanie-struktury-kadrov-v-usloviyah-mirovoi-sistemy-razdeleniya-truda

9. Mironova D.Yu., Baranov I.V., Pomazkova E.E., Rumyantseva O.N. Project management: application of foresight and industrial symbiosis in project management for sustainable development: Study guide ed. St. Petersburg: ITMO University, 2022. 95 p.

10. Rosneft: contribution to the implementation of the UN sustainable development goals. URL: https://www.rosneft.ru/Investors/Rosneft_vklad_v_realizaciju_ celej_OON/

11. Regulation of JSC RN-Moscow «Internal Labor Regulations». URL: https://edu.rosneft-azs.ru/upload/site1/edu-files/

DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.119.2024.31-39

Today, due to the reorientation of the foreign economic activity of the Russian Federation to the countries of the East and the Asia-Pacific region, the Far East is one of the fastest growing regions. The growth of the region’s economy is closely linked to an increase in energy consumption. In the conditions of moral and physical deterioration of the generating equipment of the Far East, the question of ways to increase the efficiency of coal-fired power plants in the region is acute.

References:

1. Karasevich V.A. Fundamentals of hydrogen energy: Textbook. M.: Publishing Center of National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University», 2023. 100 p.

2. Kreinin E.V. Underground coal gasification as an environmentally friendly technology for its extraction and use. Mining information and analytical bulletin. 2008;4:256–262. – EDN JUPWMV.

3. Patent No. 2426768 C2 Russian Federation, IPC C10J 3/48, C01B 3/58, B01D 53/00. Methods and device for converting a fuel source into hydrogen: No. 2008128413/05: application 11.12.2006: publ. 08/20/2011 / K. Liu, D.L. Molaison, P.P. Kulkarni, V. Zamansky; applicant General Electric Company. – EDN TYBFVV.

4. Register of the results of competitive power take-off of new generating facilities. JSC «System Operator of the Unified Energy System». URL: https://www.so-ups.ru/fileadmin/files/company/markets/KOM_NGO_01032024.pdf

5. ECO of the East. JSC «System operator of the Unified Energy System». URL: https://www.so-ups.ru

6. The future of hydrogen. Seizing today’s opportunities. International Energy Agency, June 2019.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.119.2024.18-30

It is shown that the hydrogen economy is considered one of the key directions in the implementation of state decarbonization and carbon neutrality programs today. The technological and organizational and economic aspects of the production of environmentally friendly types of hydrogen are considered, depending on the method of production and the volume of carbon dioxide emissions, namely «green», «yellow», «blue», «turquoise», «brown» and «gray». It has been established that hydrogen technologies are the basis in the foundation of the future global economy, in which environmental protection issues come first, and as a result, the use of hydrogen will become a new driver of development.

It is shown that Russia has a huge potential for hydrogen production and export on a global scale. Therefore, hydrogen technologies are not only talked about in a positive way both at the largest Russian forums, but also as part of the discussion of innovative strategies of the largest Russian companies, but also move on to the practical implementation of a number of government programs and national projects.

References:

1. Borisova E.A. The development of hydrogen energy in the East. In the book: Economic, socio-political and ethno-confessional problems of Afro-Asian countrie, 2020. pp. 36–38.

2. Velikorossov.V., Genkin E.V., Filin S.A. The use of hydrogen energy to increase energy security and Gez transformation. National interests: priorities and security. 2023;19(8 (425)):1587–1600.

3. Volkov A.R., Makarenko E.D., Kim A.A. Hydrogen production from waste as a promising auxiliary vector for the development of hydrogen energy in the world. In the collection: Almanac of scientific works of young scientists of ITMO University. St. Petersburg, 2023. pp. 267–269.

4. Lebedkov R.K., Goryachev S.V. Hydrogen and alternative energy: past, present and future. Internauka. 2022;(13-3 (236)):18–20.

5. Plotnikov V.V., Aldoshina N.D. Hydrogen energy. Bulletin of scientific conferences. 2021;(4-3 (68)): 90–91.

6. Saitova A.A., Ilyinsky A.A., Dzhemilev E.R. Prospects for the development of hydrogen energy in the Russian Federation. Bulletin of the Perm University. Series: Economics. 2023;18(4):423–444.

7. Sokolov A.S. Hydrogen energy: the beginning of a long journey. In the book: Lomonosov readings. The history and modernity of physics (ISOF-2020), 2020. p. 70.

8. Chopanov D.A. Hydrogen energy as the future of the energy industry and renewable energy sources. Internauka. 2022;(15-3 (238)):44–45.           

9. Shevandronov N.A., Brostilova T.Yu., Brostilov S.A. Application of hydrogen energy in transport and small-scale energy facilities. Proceedings of the international symposium «Reliability and Quality». 2024. Vol. 2. pp. 140–142.

10. Amir F.A. The world hydrogen economy: opportunities and difficulties of use. In the collection: Russian regions in the focus of change. Yekaterinburg, 2023. pp. 703–708.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.119.2024.5-17

Todaу, a multi-level institutional structure has been established in the electric power industry in Russia. The analysis of the system of institutionalism in the Russian electric power industry and the identification of incentives for the development of renewable energy as a perspective area are important steps which help to understand the conditions for the development of renewable energy in Russia. The lack of a balanced and developed institutional environment can cause additional risks and instability in the energy industry, as well as hinder the investment attraction and new technologies in renewable energy.

References:

1. Auzan A.A. Institutional Economics: A New Institutional Economic Theory. M.: INFRA-M, 2011.

2. Acemoglu D., Robinson J. Why countries fail: the origin of power, prosperity and poverty. Moscow.: AST, 2012.

3. International Finance Corporation.  IFC, 2023.

4. Wind power. Rosatom. URL: https://www.rosatom.ru/production/vetroenergetika/

5. Novak said that the Russian Federation will be able to replace equipment for renewable energy sources within 2–3 years. Interfax. URL: https://www.interfax.ru/russia/897800

6. Auzan A.A., Doroshenko M.E., Kalyagin V.G. Institutional economics. New institutional economic theory. M.: Prospect, 2023.

7. Urinson Y.M., Kozhukhovsky I. S., Sorokin I.S. Reforming the Russian electric power industry: results and unresolved issues.  HSE Economic Journal. 2020;24(3)323–339.

8. Association «NP Market Council». URL: https://www.np-sr.ru/ru

9. Renewable Energy Development Association (ARVE). URL: https://rreda.ru/

10. The Future of Renewable Energy in Russia, XI Annual Conference. URL: https://events.vedomosti.ru/events/vie22

11. Veblen T. Theoria idle class. M.: Progress, 1984.

12. Electric vehicles. TAdviser. URL: https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/Статья: Electric vehicles _ (global _ market)

13. Nekrasova I.E., Krivorot D.V., Stepanenko R.M. Social and legal institutionalism of John Commons. Scientific news, 2022.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-5.118.2024.65-77

This article examines the role of renewable energy sources (RES) and secondary renewable energy sources (VVE) in the energy management of the European Union countries in modern socio-economic conditions. The decrease in electricity consumption in the EU over the past two years amounted to 6%, reflecting the serious impact of the energy crisis on European consumers and industry. This decrease of 60% is due to a slowdown in the growth rate of EU industrial production and the transfer of energy-intensive technological processes from the EU to regions with cheaper energy. It is concluded that Europe’s transition to renewable energy has reached a colossal pace, which will lead to a further reduction in fossil fuel electricity production, with renewable energy sources (wind and solar) becoming the backbone of the future EU electricity supply system by the end of 2024.

References:

1. Zhiznin S. Vasilev S. Options for using secondary renewable energy sources. Nezavisimaya Gazeta, 2020. URL: https://nvo.ng.ru/ng_energiya/2020-09-07/14_7957_variants.html

2. Redl C., Hein F., Buck M., Graichen P., Jones D. The European Power Sector in 2020: Up-to-Date Analysis on the Electricity Transition. Agora Energiewende and Ember. 2021. p. 18.

3. The share of solar and wind generation in the world will reach from 54 to 72% by 2050. URL: https://yearbook.enerdata.ru/renewables/wind-solar-share-electricity-production.html

4. National Hydrogen Strategy of Germany. URL: https://www.bmbf.de/files/bmwi_Nationale%20Wasserstoffstrategie_Eng_s0

5. Verbruggen A. In the hurdle race to the energy transition: transformations, reforms and innovations / A. Verbruggen / ed. A. Brunnengräber, Di Nucci, M. Rosaria. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. p. 120.

6. Gesetz für den Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien. URL: http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/eeg_2014/

7. Baek Ja.H., Park S.Ho., Choi S., Kim H. Renewable forecasting method for local renewable management system. Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers. 2022;71(8):1062–1069.

8. Beksultanova A., Aygumov T., Valeev S. Achieving renewable energy goals through the utilization of renewable resources. International Conference on Actual Problems of the Energy Complex and Environmental Protection (APEC-VI-2023). Les Ulis, 2023, p. 01008.

9. Chien F., Chayka Ka.Y., Sadiq M., Diep G.L., Tran T.K., Pham T.Ha.An. What is the role of renewable energy consumption, renewable electricity, energy use and import play in environmental quality? Energy Reports. 2023;10:3826–3834.

10. Çinar M. The investigation of the causal relationship between renewable and non-renewable energy resources and economic growth. Cankiri Karatekin Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakultesi Dergisi, 2023.

11. Mohammadi H., Saghaian S., Zandi Dareh Gharibi B. Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and its impact on economic growth. Sustainability. 2023;15(4):3822.

12. Soares P.H., Kang M., Choo Ph. Art and design entanglements for renewable energy education: renewable energy art and design approach. Interdisciplinary Journal of Environmental and Science Education. 2024;20(1):2401.