DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.108.2023.36-45

The article presents the prerequisites for several bourgeois reforms in the 19th century on the territory of the Russian Empire, as well as the division of the bourgeoisie as a class of owners of means of production, that is, capital, into three groups – small, medium and large. Based on the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 204 adopted on May 07, 2018 «On national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024», it is concluded that the national project «Small and medium-sized entrepreneurship and support for individual entrepreneurial initiative», and including the corresponding goals and criteria for their achievement, are focused on the revival of the petty bourgeoisie as owners of capital.

The analysis of the five goals of this national project and the criteria for their achievement showed the expected (planned) annual dynamics of the development of this sector of the economy until 2024. Comparison of the funding volumes of the corresponding five federal projects that are part of the national project under study, from three sources of funding – the state federal budget, the consolidated budgets of the constituent entities (regions) of the Russian Federation, extra-budgetary funds, made it possible to identify the most priority federal projects in terms of funding volumes.

After analyzing the structures of agricultural production by peasant and individual households, the authors revealed a fairly clear division of production sectors between these two categories of farms.

References:

1. On national development goals and strategic tasks of the Russian Federation until 2024: Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 7 May 2018 (ver. of 19.07.2018). – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

2.    Passport of the national project «Small and Medium-sized Entrepreneurship and support for individual entrepreneurial initiative» (approved by the Presidium of the Presidential Council for Strategic Development and National Projects (Protocol No. 16 of December 24, 2018) URL: http://static.government.ru/media/files/qH8voRLuhAVWSJhIS8XYbZBsAvcs8A5t.pdf

3.    Babkina L.N., Skotarenko O.V. Features of the qualimetric approach in regional studies // Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University. Economic sciences. 2013;5 (180):161-165. (In Russ.).

4.    Vukovich G.G. Dialectics of the laws of the evolution of the natural system and the economic cyclicity of the development of society. Economics of sustainable development. 2011;3 (7):27-32. (In Russ.).

5.    Regions of Russia. Socioeconomic indicators – 2020. Official website of the Russian Federal State Statistics Service. URL:  https://rosstat.gov.ru/

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.108.2023.29-35

The article analyzes various research algorithms for studying the institutional foundations of the process of forming the value of modern business. The author focuses on the problem of disordered categories of this area of economic thought. In the scientific and regulatory literature, when describing economic phenomena and processes associated with the concept of “cost”, a number of categories are used (price, cost, cost, costs, economic value), which are often used as synonyms. The inaccuracy and uncertainty of the categorical apparatus within the framework of the issue under study are associated with institutional issues.

References:

1. Coase R. Firm, market and law [transl. from English: B. Pinsker]. Moscow: Liberal Mission Foundation: New Publishing House, 2007. 221 p. ISBN 978-5-98379-087-2.

2. Williamson O.I. Economic institutions of capitalism: Firms, markets, “relational” contracting: [transl. from English]; [Scientific ed. and intro. Art. V. S. Katkalo]. St. Petersburg: Lenizdat, 1996. 702 p. ISBN 5-289-01816-6.

3. North D. Institutions, institutional changes and the functioning of the economy. Persian. from English. A.N. Nesterenko; foreword and scientific ed. B.Z. Milner. Moscow: Fund of the economic book «Nachala», 1997. 180 p. ISBN 5-88581-006-0.

4. North D. Understanding the process of economic change. per. from English. K. Martynov, N. Edelman. Moscow: Ed. house of the State un-ta – Higher. school Economics, 2010. 253 p. ISBN 978-5-7598-0754-4.

5. Macmillan’s Dictionary of Modern Economic Theory / General ed. D.W. Pierce; per. from English. Moscow: INFRA-M, 1997. 608 p. ISBN 5-86225-453-6.

6. Dictionary of financial and economic terms / A.V. Sharkova, A.A. Kilyachkov, E.V. Markina and others; under total ed. M. A. Eskindarova. – 3rd ed. M.: Publishing and Trade Corporation «Dashkov and Co», 2020. 1168 p. ISBN 978-5-394-02995-0.

7. Osipov Yu.M. Theory of economy. Textbook in 3 volumes. Vol. 1: General grounds. Moscow: Moscow State University: TEIS, 1995. 458 p. ISBN 5-7218-0026-0.

8. Razberg B.A. Modern Economic Dictionary / Raizberg B. A., Lozovsky L. Sh., Starodubtseva E. B. – 2nd ed., corrected. Moscow: Ed. house «INFRA-M», 1998. 476 p. ISBN 5-86225-758-6.

9. Financial and credit encyclopedic dictionary = Finance and credit encyclopedic glossary / General. ed. A.G. Gryaznova. M.: Finance and statistics, 2004 (OAO Type. News). 1165 p. ISBN 5-279-02306-X.

10. Dictionary of the Russian language: 52000 words / Comp. S. I. Ozhegov; under total ed. acad. S. P. Obnorsky. – 2nd ed., Rev. and additional Moscow: State. foreign publishing house and national dictionaries, 1952. 848 p.

11. Osipov Yu.M. Theory of economy. Textbook in 3 volumes. Vol. 1: General grounds. Moscow: Moscow State University: TEIS, 1995. 458 p. ISBN 5-7218-0026-0.

12. New Philosophical Encyclopedia: in 4 volumes / Institute of Philosophy Ros. acad. Sciences, National social-scientific fund; Scientific-ed. advice: V. S. Stepin [and others]. Moscow: Thought, 2000-2001. ISBN 5-244-00961-3. URL: https://rus-philosophical-enc.slovaronline.com/

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.108.2023.23-28

At present, the direction of forming a strategy for managing the consumption of natural gas at an industrial enterprise is very relevant, since natural gas plays an important role in the fuel and energy balance and is a universal and environmentally friendly energy resource.

The authors’ research was based on a system analysis and synthesis of indicators of natural gas consumption by an industrial enterprise at the present stage of development. A conceptual approach to the formation of a strategy and management of natural gas consumption by an industrial enterprise is proposed, which allows evaluating the effectiveness of the formation of a natural gas consumption strategy, and makes it possible to consider not only the achieved technical and economic indicators and deviations from the planned ones, but also ways to eliminate these deviations.

References:

1. Aaker D. Strategic market management / Per. from English. ed. S.G. Bozhuk. St. Petersburg: Piter, 2011. 496 p.

2. Abdul Leyla. How Denmark Paved the Way to Energy Security. The Wall Street Journal. 2007. April 18. International Energy Agency Energy Data, Energy Balance Database.

3. Raju Navi. Lean Innovation: Smart Cost Technologies: [translated from English]. Moscow: Olimp – Business, 2018. 416 p.

4. Kirshina I.A. Formation of the mechanism of strategic management of natural gas consumption by industrial enterprises. Microeconomics. 2022;3:12-20. (In Russ.).

5. Koksharov V.A., Kirshina I.A. Conceptual approach to the formation of a strategy for the effective use of natural gas by an industrial enterprise. Bulletin of the Perm University. Ser. «Economy». 2020;15(4):587-606. (In Russ.).

6. Maksimov V. Each production has the potential to improve efficiency. Energorynok. 2010; 04(76):77-78. (In Russ.).

7. Nikiforov G.V., Zaslavets B.I. Energy saving at metallurgical enterprises. MSTU, 2000. 126 p.

8. Anufriev V.P. Ecological and economic assessment of the rational use of energy resources in the Kyoto Protocol system: diss. … Dr. Econ. Sciences / Anufriev Valery Pavlovich. Novosibirsk, 2006. 314 p.

9. Anufriev V.P. Energy efficiency is a complex problem. Academy of Energy. 2009;5 (31):36-40. (In Russ.).

10. Belyaev L.S. World energy: state, problems, prospects. M.: ID «Energy», 2007. 664 p.

11. Zhuravlev Yu., Sedelnikov S., Koptsev L. On the experience of OAO MMK in the field of energy saving // Energorynok. 2010;02(74):38-43. (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.107.2022.66-75

The article deals with the problems of typology and scaling of innovative entrepreneurship, its place in the development of the global and domestic economy. The evolution of engineering thinking and the allocation of technological entrepreneurship based on the generation and implementation of innovations are considered. It is shown how the development of the ecosystem approach creates new opportunities for the production of innovative products through the formation of special innovative ecosystems. The authors emphasize the importance of engineering education in the mass development of domestic innovative entrepreneurship.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.107.2022.60-65

The purpose of this work is to study the development of the beekeeping industry in the modern world. The study touched upon the history of beekeeping in Russia and in other countries, indicated the uniqueness of honey and other bee products, and also noted the effectiveness of conducting activities in this industry. One of the tasks of developing the market for beekeeping products is to increase employment and incomes of the rural population. The theoretical provisions and conditions that affect the employment and income of the rural population during the development of the beekeeping industry were also disclosed.

References:

1. On beekeeping in the Russian Federation: Federal Law No. 490-FZ: [adopted by the State Duma on December 22, 2020: approved by the Federation Council on December 25, 2020]. – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

2. Kozyaychev Yu.V., Thorikov B.A. Analysis of the world experience in the development of the beekeeping industry. Economics. Informatics. 2018;45(2):251-260. (In Russ.).

3. Nikulina O.V., Ledovskoy M.A. Analysis of the development of the beekeeping industry in Russia: identifying problems and searching for reserves to increase competitiveness in the international arena. Regional economy and management: electronic scientific journal. 2022;1(69). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/analiz-razvitiya-otrasli-pchelovodstva-v-rossii-vyyavlenie-problem-i-poisk-rezervov-dlya-povysheniya-konkurentosposobnosti

4. Kondratyuk I.A. Territorial structure of beekeeping in China. Innovations and investments. 2021;7:28-31. (In Russ).

5. Ponomarev A.S. Problems of beekeeping in China // Paseka-online. URL: http://naceka-online.ru/stati/zarubezhnoe-pchelovodstvo/problemy-pchelovodstva-kitaja.html

6. Ponomarev A.S. Russian beekeeping in 2020: challenges, results and trends. Beekeeping. 2021;1:8-11. (In Russ).

7. Kozyaychev Yu.V. Analysis of the world experience in the development of beekeeping / Yu.V. Kozyaychev, B.A. Tkhorikov. Scientific Bulletin of the Belgorod State University. Series: Economy. Informatics. 2018;2:251-260. (In Russ).

8. Global honey market in 2020. URL: https://www.apiworld.ru/1622805431.html

9. Vaganova O.V. Regional economy: textbook. allowance / O.V. Vaganova, Ya.Yu. Bondareva, I.V. Chistnikova and others. Belgorod: Publishing House «Belgorod», NRU BelGU, 2017. 140 p. (In Russ).

10. Chepik A.G. Improving the efficiency of beekeeping development in the Russian Federation: theory, methodology and practice: dissertation … Doctor of Economics: 08.00.05. Moscow, 2007. 317 p.

11. Gulyamova D. Beekeeping: a resource for the development of rural areas. Pravda Vostoka, September 20, 2022. URL: https://yuz.uz/ru/news/pchelovodstvo-resurs-dlya-razvitiya-selskix-territoriy

DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.107.2022.49-59

This article assesses the financial potential and corporate asset management policy of Severstal Corporation PJSC. A recommendation is given to change the current liabilities management policy from aggressive to moderate, which will lead to an increase in the financial stability of the enterprise, a decrease in the effect of financial leverage, as well as an increase in the weighted average cost of capital as a whole. The study conducted by the authors showed that Severstal Corporation PJSC has average estimates for almost all components of the financial potential of the corporation, therefore, it can be assigned an integral average level of financial potential.

References:

1. Eroputova O.A. Analysis and evaluation of cash flows from investment operations of PJSC Severstal. The Scientific Heritage. 2022;86-3(86):17-20.

2. Izzuka T.B., Tkachenko I.D. The impact of COVID-19 on the financial condition of metallurgical enterprises: problems and prospects. Economic sciences. 2021;195:67-77. (In Russ.).

3. Isaeva S.S. Assessment of the probability of bankruptcy by various methods on the example of PJSC Severstal (foreign practice). The world economy: security problems. 2017;3:25-29. (In Russ.).

4. Karkanitsa A.S., Strunnikova Ya.D., Rodionova D.V., Savinkina A.D., Kirdyanova D.I., Khayak A.A., Strunnikova A.D. Market model of shares of PJSC Severstal. Economics and entrepreneurship. 2020;1(114):767-769. (In Russ.).

5. Nikolaeva E.V., Pletnev D.A., Mirvakhedi S. The practice of assessing transaction costs: the case of PJSC Severstal. Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University. 2020;6(440):204-211. (In Russ.).

6. Rykanin N.V. Overview of the metallurgical industry of Russia and the position of PJSC Severstal in it. Financial economics. 2021;4:194-197. (In Russ.).

7. Rykanin N.V. Prospective analysis of cash flows of PJSC Severstal. Natural sciences and humanities research. 2021;35 (3):278-284. (In Russ.).

8. Sapunova T.A., Koivistoinen A.A. Development of innovative financial strategy of PJSC Severstal. Economics and Business: theory and practice. 2022;6-2 (88):149-152. (In Russ.).

9. Cherednichenko A.S. Analysis of financial results of PJSC Severstal in terms of outsourcing of business processes. Modern Science. 2019;9-1:121-124.

10. Shuvarikov M.D. Principles of IFRS in the financial analysis of PJSC Severstal and PJSC NLMK. Economic security. 2021;4(3):839-852. (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.107.2022.43-48

The article provides a brief analysis of the state of the macro-industries of the Russian economy, it is shown that in the market conditions of the modern post-pandemic and tough sanctions period, there is a need to restructure production to create substitute goods.

This is especially true for small and medium-sized enterprises in all sectors of the economy, where the implementation of the national economic policy is carried out in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 204 of 07.05.2018, the implementation date of which is scheduled for 2024, development of all sectors of the economy and types of economic activity, and as a result – to increase sustainable socio-ecological and economic development, quality of life and well-being of the population of the country as a whole, and individual regions, in particular.

References:

1. On national development goals and strategic tasks of the Russian Federation until 2024: Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 7 May 2018 (ver. of 19.07.2018), Collected Laws of the RF, 20 (14.05.2018) Art. 2817.

2. Babina L.N., Skotarenko O.V. Features of the qualimetric approach in regional studies // Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University. Economic sciences. 2013;5(180):161-165. (In Russ).

3. Vukovich G.G. Dialectics of the laws of the evolution of the natural system and the economic cyclicity of the development of society // Economics of sustainable development. 2011;3(7):30-35.

4. Deruzhinsky G.V. Labor market of an investment-attractive region: features of its functioning in modern post-crisis conditions / G.V. Deruzhinsky, T.G. Stroiteleva // Economics of sustainable development. 2012;1(9):81-86.

5. Kizim A.A., Filichkina T.B. Marketing and logistics in the context of small business development. Science and education: economy and economics; entrepreneurship; law and management. 2014.№ 1 (44).

6. Marx K. On the Critique of Political economy. M.: Publishing House of Political Literature, 1984. 207 p.

7. Regions of Russia. Socioeconomic indicators – 2020. Official website of the Russian Federal State Statistics Service. URL:  https://rosstat.gov.ru/

8. Soviet encyclopedic dictionary. Moscow: Publishing house «Soviet Encyclopedia», 1984. 1633 p.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.107.2022.32-42

The article analyzes network interactions as a factor in the formation of business value in the digital economy. In the course of the study, the author analyzes the advantages and features of network interactions within platform business models and business ecosystems. The author comes to the following conclusions. Network interactions between platform participants produce network effects. Taking advantage of network effects is changing the way business value is created. Data is becoming the main asset that ensures the growth of the capitalization of digital companies. Links of the value chain are transformed into modules and embedded in networks. Under the influence of digital technologies, business value is created at all levels of the economic system (including the nanolevel), companies are turning from static hierarchical structures into dynamic networks of interconnected players, and the role of company management in creating business value is changing.

References:

1. Lenin V.I. Imperialism as the highest stage of capitalism. Full coll. op. Moscow: Publishing house of political literature, 1973. T. 27. pp. 299–426.

2. Galbraith J.K. New industrial society. Favorites. Moscow: Eksmo, 2008. 1200 p.

3. Best M. New competition. Institutes of industrial development. Moscow: TEIS, 2002. 356 p.

4. Porter M. Japanese economic model: Can Japan compete? / M. Porter, H. Takeuchi, M. Sakakibara; Per. from English. Moscow: Albina Business Books, 2005. 262 p.

5. Belyaeva I.Yu. Capital of financial and industrial corporate structures: theory and practice / I. Yu. Belyaeva, M. A. Eskindarov. Moscow: INFRA-M, 2001. 399 p.

6. Eskindarov M.A. Development of corporate relations in the modern Russian economy. Moscow: Respublika, 1999. 366 p.

 7. Granovetter M. Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness // American Journal of Sociology. 1985;91. URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2780199?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

8. Granovetter M. Economic institutions as social constructors // Journal of sociology and social anthropology. 2004;8(1):77-80. (In Russ).

9. Ananyin O.I., Odintsova M.I. Methodology of economic science: modern problems and trends // Sources, Vol. 4. Moscow: IE RAN, 2000, pp. 135-136.

10. Williamson O.I. Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms, Markets, “Relational” Contracting / Scientific Editing and Introductory Article by V.S. Katkalo; per. from English. Yu.V. Blagov, V.S. Katkalo, D.S. Slavnova, Yu.V. Fedotova, N.N. Tsytovich. St. Petersburg: Lenizdat; CEV Press, 1996. 702 p.

11. Oleinik A. Model of network capitalism // Questions of Economics. 2003;8:132–149. (In Russ.).

12. New post-industrial wave of the West. Anthology / Ed. V.L. Inozemtseva. Moscow: Academia, 1999. 640 p.

13. Kats M.L. Network externalities, competition and compatibility / M.L. Katz, K. Shapiro // Milestones of economic thought. T. 5. Theory of industrial markets / Ed. A.G. Slutsky. St. Petersburg: School of Economics, 2003. pp. 500–535.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.107.2022.19-31

The purpose of this scientific article is to prepare proposals for the further development of the management of enterprises and organizations of the domestic defense industry. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that at present the current organizational structure for managing them has a number of significant drawbacks, the main of which (especially with a significant expansion of the range of products) are a significant decrease in the system’s maneuverability and an increase in its response time to changes in external conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new methodological approaches to eliminate these shortcomings. The paper considers the following issues: 1) as a result of the analysis of integration processes in the Russian defense industry, the main shortcomings and unresolved problems were identified; 2) the fundamental conditions for the development of an organizational structure for managing a business entity are determined; 3) requirements for its elements are formulated; 4) proposed and substantiated on their basis a typical organizational structure for managing a large production facility – a corporation.

References:

1. On the approval of the «Federal target program for the restructuring and conversion of the defense industry for 1996-2000». Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 625 dated June 24, 1998. – Access from the Garant information and legal system.

2. Artyukhov V.I. Conversion of the defense industry in modern economic conditions // Conversion in mechanical engineering. 1994;1:5-9. (In Russ.).

3. Borisov V., Rassadin V., Tarakanov G. Prospects for structural changes in mechanical engineering and military-industrial complex // Economist. 1995;7:45-50. (In Russ.).

4. Bratukhin A.G., Dmitriev O.N., Kovalkov Yu.A. conversion potential. M.: Mashinostroenie, 1992. 453 p.

5. Pimenov V.V. State corporations as a tool for implementing industrial policy in the military-industrial complex // Management and business administration. 2008;4:56-65. (In Russ.).

6. Sobolev L.B. Restructuring of the military-industrial complex //Finance and credit. 2016;47:47-62. (In Russ.).

7. Sobolev L.B. Horizontal integration or conglomeration? //Economic analysis. 2013;24:8-12. (In Russ.).

8. Barinov V.A. Organizational design. Moscow: Infra-M. 2012. 384 p.

9. Kozyr N.S., Natapova S.M. Classification of organizational structures of enterprise management // Economics and management of innovative technologies. 2015. №3. URL: https://ekonomika.snauka.ru/2015//03/7493

10. Moshkina T. Many-sided structure // Personnel management. 2007;12:63-69. (In Russ.).

11. Zhdanova L.A. Organization and management of a capitalist firm. M.: Publication of the Peoples’ Friendship University, 1987. 82 p.

12. Betelin V.B. On the problem of diversification of production at the enterprises of the military-industrial complex of Russia // Innovations. 2018;7:3-7. (In Russ.).

13. Biryukov A.V. Cluster policy as a factor in increasing the competitiveness of defense industry enterprises // Microeconomics. 2009;5:70-75. (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.33917/mic-5.106.2022.62-68

The article examines the effectiveness of using digital doubles in the main sectors of the Russian economy. It is shown how the use of digital doubles affects the structure of production costs. The authors of the article attempt to argue the fact that the use of digital doubles and digital databases will make exponential economic growth possible. This trend is explained by the consequence of the increase in the performance of digital doubles, due to the action of Gordon Moore’s law of technological progress (the first law of 1965) and Arthur Rock’s law (Moore’s second law of 1998). In this regard, the authors adopt a new approach to substantiating the specific manifestation of the law of diminishing returns. It is concluded that in the short term, the simultaneous use of advanced digital technologies and a digital analogue of live labor pushes the boundaries of the law of diminishing returns, ensuring an increase in returns from the scale of production at a new round of microeconomic development.

References:

1. Digital doubles will help earn billions of dollars. URL: http://www.eurasiancommission.org/ru/nae/news/Pages/

2. What are digital doubles and where are they used? URL: https://trends.rbc.ru/trends/industry

3. Tsarev M.V., Andreev Yu.S. Digital twins of industry: history of development, classification, technologies, usage scenarios. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/tsifrovye-dvoyniki-v-promyshlennosti-istoriya-razvitiya-klassifikatsiya-tehnologii

4. Kuntsman M.V. Activity of cartels as a threat of economic security. / M.V. Kuntsman, A.A. Sultygova. Modern fundamental and applied research. 2015;4(19):142-144.

5. Digital doubles will help the Russian agro-industrial complex. URL: https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/

6. The digital twin of the building is a new stage in the development of construction technologies. URL: https://bim-info.ru/articles/tsifrovoy-dvoynik-zdaniya-novyy-etap-v-razvitii-stroitelnykh

7. Security and IT in transport and transport infrastructure facilities. URL: https://www.tbforum.ru/program/smart-transport

8. Shvyreva A.S. Investment support of transport infrastructure for ensuring transport security in the Russian Federation / Shvyreva A.S., Kuntsman M.V., Sultygova A.A. Automobile. Road. Infrastructure. 2016;4(10):14.

9. Starodubtsev G.V. On the issue of using budget funds in road construction (on the example of European countries and the USA) / G. Starodubtsev, S. Atonyazov, M. Kuntsman, A. Sultygova. Automobile. Doroga. Infrastructure. 2016;3(9):7.

10. Digital twins in retail – who are they and why do you urgently need to get acquainted with them? URL: https://new-retail.ru/tehnologii/

11. What is Moore’s Law and how does it work now? URL: https://habr.com/ru/company/droider/blog/568806 /

12. If cars developed like computers. URL: https://www.nkj.ru/archive/articles/ 

13. Viber R. Empirical laws of the network economy. URL: http://vasilievaa.narod.ru

14. Arutyunova G.I. Microeconomics in questions, tests, tasks and case problems, situations, Internet tasks / G.I. Arutyunova, A.A. Sultygova. Moscow, 2014.