DOI: 10.33917/es-5.197.2024.70-79

Currently, the topic of super-AI (Artificial General Intelligence or AGI) has captured the world’s press. Some are fascinated by the incredible possibilities, including the creation of a future global government, while others fear the arrival of an alien mind capable of displacing man. The authors show that, as usual, both positions miss the mark. There is no doubt that AI is a fundamentally new tool. Therefore, it can be both extremely useful and immensely dangerous, depending on its application. One thing is clear: innocence has been lost and it will not be possible to rewind it. The world is entering a new phase of development with the enormous potential. However, the transition period threatens with even greater dangers than the first half of the 20th century, when the advent of the internal combustion engine to replace the steam one has led to dramatic shifts in the economy and a change in political dominance against the backdrop of two world wars.

As industrial productivity growth decreases, financialization grows, oppressing the “real” sector, demographics is falling and the world is sliding into wars for dominance against the backdrop of the fading industrial society of the 20th century.

References:

1. Badalyan L.G., Krivorotov V.F. Industrial’nye Srednie veka, ili Est’ li zhizn’ posle industrial’nogo kapitalizma? Chast’ I [Industrial Middle Ages, or Is There Life After Industrial Capitalism? Part I]. Rossiyskiy ekonomicheskiy zhurnal, 2023, no 3, pp. 17–37.

2. Badalyan L.G., Krivorotov V.F. Industrial’nye Srednie veka, ili Est’ li zhizn’ posle industrial’nogo kapitalizma? Chast’ II [Industrial Middle Ages, or Is There Life After Industrial Capitalism? Part II]. Rossiyskiy ekonomicheskiy zhurnal, 2023, no 4, pp. 4–23.

3. Corsini R.J. The Dictionary of Psychology. London, Routledge, 2016. P. 494.

4. Davidson H. Alfarabi, Avicenna, and Averroes, on Intellect. Oxford University Press, 1992, p. 6.

5. Colman A.M. A Dictionary of Psychology. 3rd ed. Oxford [etc.]. Oxford University Press, 2008.

6. Sangha N. Instinct, Intellect, Intelligence, Intuition. Occult Mysteries, 2015, available at: https://occult-mysteries.org/intelligence.html

7. Kant I. Kritika sposobnosti suzhdeniya: Sobr. soch. [Critique of Judgment: Collected Works]. Vol. 5. Moscow, Mysl’, 1966.

8. Zhukovskiy V.A. Skazka o Ivane-tsareviche i Serom Volke [The Tale of Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf]. Moscow, Prospekt, 2013, 31 p.

9. De Gruyter. Kant and Artificial Intelligence. Edited by Hyeongjoo Kim and Dieter, 2022.

10. Asimov I.I, Robot. Garden City. N.Y., Doubleday, 1950.

11. Zhuravlev Yu.I. Ob algebraicheskom podkhode k resheniyu zadach raspoznavaniya ili klassifikatsii [On an Algebraic Approach to Solving Recognition or Classification Problems]. Problemy kibernetiki, vyp. 33. Moscow, Nauka, 1977.

12. Zhuravlev Yu.I. Korrektnye algebry nad mnozhestvami nekorrektnykh (evristicheskikh) algoritmov [Correct Algebras over sets of Incorrect (Heuristic) Algorithms]. Kibernetika, 1977, no 4; 1978, no 8.

DOI: 10.33917/es-5.197.2024.62-69

The article deals with topical issues of the creation and functioning of customs warehouses in the Russian Federation. The approaches to grouping customs warehouses are investigated, the results of the dynamics and structure of the e-commerce market are presented. The possibilities of organizing cross-border electronic commerce in the Russian Federation using customs warehouses have been studied. The volume of sales of goods in the framework of e-commerce is analyzed and the conditions for monitoring commodity flows along the entire chain of gross value creation are determined. Recommendations have been developed to improve approaches to planning and controlling the turnover of cross-border electronic commerce.

References:

1. Chupina Zh.S., Zorina S.M., Annaberdyeva L. Strategii rossiyskikh i zarubezhnykh marketpleysov [Strategies of Russian and Foreign Marketplaces].Aktual’nye issledovaniya, 2023, no 13(143), pp. 82–86, available at: https://apni.ru/article/5903-strategii-rossijskikh-i-zarubezhnikh-marketpl

2. Tamozhennyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 28 maya 2003 g. N 61-FZ (TK RF) [The Customs Code of the Russian Federation of May 28, 2003 No. 61-FZ (TC RF)]. Garant, available at: https://base.garant.ru/5758424/

3. Mosbi A. Rost prodazh elektronnoy kommerotsii v mire (2016–2027) [Global E-Commerce Sales Growth (2016–2027)]. Yaguara.co, available at: https:// www.yaguara.co/global-ecommerce-sales-growth/

4. Itogi vneshney torgovli so vsemi stranami [Results of Foreign Trade With all Countries]. Federal’naya tamozhennaya sluzhba, available at: https://customs. gov.ru/statistic/vneshn-torg/vneshn-torg-countries?ysclid=lvz0dxpffl202622345

5. Obzor mezhdunarodno-pravovogo regulirovaniya torgovli [Review of International Legal Regulation of Trade]. Agroeksport, 2020, 29 sentyabrya, available at: https://mcx.gov.ru/upload/iblock/2cd/2cdd959195e9f599abe0c049a81404ec.pdf?ysclid=lvy3x8cu3d844112120

6. Top-10 eCommerce rynkov mira: mirovye prodazhi, trendy, statistika [Top 10 eCommerce Markets in the World: Global Sales, Trends, Statistics]. Shopolog, available at: https://www.shopolog.ru/metodichka/analytics/top-10-ecommerce-rynkov-mira-mirovye-prodazhi-trendy-statistika/?ysclid=lvwhvy0 3ny639675011

7. Zakonodatel’nye novelly v chasti administrirovaniya tamozhennykh platezhey v otnoshenii tovarov transgranichnoy internet-torgovli. Vystuplenie zamestitelya nachal’nika GUFTDiTR V.I. Reshetnikova [Legislative Innovations in the Administration of Customs Payments in Respect of Goods of Cross-border Internet Trade. Speech by the Deputy head of the GUFTDiTR V.I. Reshetnikov], available at: https://forum.customs.gov.ru/uploads/1_4.pdf

8. Monitoring aktual’nykh sobytiy v oblasti mezhdunarodnoy torgovli N 55 [Monitoring of Current Events in the Field of International Trade No. 55]. ATES, 2020, 30 sentyabrya, available at: https://www.vavt-imef.ru/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Monitoring_55.pdf

9. Karashchuk O.S. Bondovye sklady: sovremennaya infrastruktura torgovli sel’skokhozyaystvennoy produktsiey [Bonded Warehouses: Modern Infrastructure of Trade in Agricultural Products]. Agrarnyy vestnik Urala, 2020, no 3(194), pp. 82–90, DOI: 10.32417/1997-4868-2020-194-3-82-90

DOI: 10.33917/es-4.196.2024.54-61

The article dwells on the Concept of standardization in the cryptosphere in the Russian Federation, which includes substantiation of the need for standardization in the cryptosphere, definition of the “cryptosphere standard” term, types of cryptostandards, principles and tasks of standardization, provisions for organizing standardization in the country, stages of standardization. Particular attention is paid to the content of crypto standards and their role in increasing the efficiency of the country’s economy.

DOI: 10.33917/es-4.196.2024.46-53

The purpose of this article is to identify criteria for the influence of artificial intelligence technologies in payment systems on the consciousness of the population as their main user. When reviewing technologies, methods of scientific analysis were applied: the method of analysis and synthesis, abstraction, generalization, description, induction, deduction.

The article dwells on assessment of the implementation and impact of technologies based on artificial intelligence. It is shown that at the moment a situation has arisen where artificial intelligence tools have the opportunity to manipulate human consciousness. Accelerated development of human interaction in the virtual space resulted in both positive and negative consequences of the use of artificial intelligence technologies in payment systems within the framework of the new social reality. Based on the identified advantages and disadvantages, criteria for the impact of artificial intelligence technologies on the consciousness of the population were discovered and identified.

References:

1. Velichkovskiy B.B. Soznanie [Conscience]. Bol’shaya rossiyskaya entsiklopediya, available at: https://bigenc.ru/c/soznanie-f1153b

2. Tekhnologii iskusstvennogo intellekta i mashinnogo obucheniya [Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Technologies]. NIU VShE, 2021, 5 marta, available at: https://hsbi.hse.ru/articles/tekhnologii-iskusstvennogo-intellekta-i-mashinnogo-obucheniya/

3. 12 variantov ispol’zovaniya II i mashinnogo obucheniya v finansakh [12 Ways to Use AI and Machine Learning in Finance]. Generativnyy analiz dannykh, 2020, 10 aprelya, available at: https://zephyrnet.com/ru/12-use-cases-of-ai-and-machine-learning-in-finance/

4. Fedorov D. Chto takoe NLP? [What is NLP?]. Renovatsio, 2023, available at: https://renovatsio.rf/media/natural-language-processing

5. Vot polozhenie NLP v finansakh. Ty dolzhen znat’ [Here is the Position of NLP in Finance. You Should Know]. Shaip, 2023, 26 oktyabrya, available at: https://ru.shaip.com/in-the-media/here-are-the-applications-of-nlp-in-finance-you-need-to-know/

6. Perspektivy razvitiya chat-botov v bankovskom sektore: golosovoy II, prognozirovanie povedeniya, analiz nastroeniya [Prospects for the Development of Chatbots in the Banking Sector: Voice AI, Behavior Forecasting, Mood Analysis]. TalkBank, 2022, 21 yanvarya, available at: https://business.talkbank.io/tpost/ lp3s2ai1c1-perspektivi-razvitiya-chat-botov-v-banko

7. Vershinin O. Neyronnye seti: printsip raboty, perspektivy i 159 sovremennykh neyronok [Neural Networks: the Principle of Operation, Prospects and 159 Modern Neurons]. Neiros, 2023, 17 noyabrya, available at: https://neiros.ru/blog/automation/neyronnye-seti-printsip-raboty-perspektivy-i-159-sovremennykhneyronok/

8. Kak rabotayut neyronnye seti? [How do Neural Networks Work?]. Productstar, 2023, 16 marta, available at: https://blog.productstar.ru/kak-rabotayutnejronnye-seti/

9. Prediktivnaya analitika: instruktsiya po primeneniyu II pri prognozirovanii [Predictive Analytics: Instructions for using AI in Forecasting]. SBER Pro, 2023, 23 avgusta, available at: https://sber.pro/publication/prediktivnaya-analitika-instrukcziya-po-primeneniyu-ii-pri-prognozirovanii/

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.195.2024.68-79

This work continues to examine the model-oriented system engineering [1–3] and at the same time presents an approach based on streamlining and sequentially complex complementing of MBSE formats according to the principle “from simpler to more complex” with the subsequent study of the possibility to include the considered modeling formats in tool platforms of digital engineering. The main focus is made on the systematic orderliness and logic of the approach presentation, with the understanding that in the subject area there is a wide range of divergent definitions (the well-known effect of the language of the Tower of Babel builders).

References:

1. Kondrat’ev V.V. Model’no-orientirovannyy sistemnyy inzhiniring 2.0 [Model-Based Systems Engineering 2.0]. Moscow, MF TI, 2021.

2. Garichev S.N., Gorbachev R.A., Davydenko E.V., Dzhaparov B.A., Kondrat’ev V.V. Model’no-orientirovannyy inzhiniring fiziko-tekhnicheskikh, informatsionnykh i intellektual’nykh system [Model-Based Engineering of Physical, Technical, Information and Intelligent Systems]. Trudy MFTI, 2022, vol.

14, no 2.

3. Kondrat’ev V.V., Tishchenko E.B. Arkhitekturnyy inzhiniring gibridnykh modeley, vklyuchayushchikh tsifrovye dvoyniki i mashinnoe obuchenie [Architectural Engineering of Hybrid Models Incorporating Digital Twins and Machine Learning]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2023, no 5(191), pp. 94–99, DOI:

10.33917/es-5.191.2023.94-99

4. Semin A.N., Tishchenko E.B., Kislitskiy M.M., Kurdyumov A.V. Razvitie metodologicheskikh polozheniy proektnogo upravleniya v sfere obespecheniya tekhnologicheskogo suvereniteta APK [Development of Methodological Provisions of Project Management in the Field of Ensuring Technological Sovereignty of the Agro-Industrial Complex]. Fundamental’nye i prikladnye issledovaniya kooperativnogo sektora ekonomiki, 2022, no 4, pp. 3–10.

5. Kondrat’ev V.V., Lorents V.Ya. Daesh’ inzhiniring! [Give me Engineering!]. Moscow, Eksmo, 2007 (Navigator dlya professionala).

6. Romanov A.A. Prikladnoy sistemnyy inzhiniring [Applied Systems Engineering]. Moscow, FIZMATLIT, 2015.

7. Borovkov A.I., Burdakov S.F., Klyavin O.I., Mel’nikova M.P., Mikhaylov A.A., Nemov A.S., Pal’mov V.A., Silina E.N. Komp’yuternyy inzhiniring [Computer Engineering]. Ucheb. posobie. Saint Petersburg, Izd-vo Politekhn. un-ta, 2012.

8. Potyupkin A.Yu., Chechkin A.V. Iskusstvennyy intellekt. Na baze informatsionno-sistemnoy izbytochnosti [Artificial Intelligence. Based on Information System Redundancy]. Moscow, Kurs, 2022.

9. Organizatsionnyy dizayn. Resheniya dlya korporatsiy, kompaniy, predpriyatiy: Mul’timediynoe uchebnoe posobie + Praktikum na CD-R [Organizational Design. Solutions for Corporations, Companies, Enterprises: Multimedia Textbook + Workshop on CD-R]. Pod red. V.V. Kondrat’eva. Moscow, INFRA-M, 2018 (Upravlenie proizvodstvom).

10. ArchiMate. Vikipediya, available at: https://ru.wikipedia.org/

11. Generativnyy iskusstvennyy intellekt [Generative Artificial Intelligence]. Vikipediya. URL: https://ru.wikipedia.org/

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.195.2024.60-67

In any organization, regardless of its scale/dimension (from an enterprise to a state), two goals that are invariant with respect to activity are relevant: sustainability and development of the organization. Neither of these goals should be achieved at the expense of the other. Technological dependence of industrial and financial capital on information technology has made corporate IT an important element of an organization. However, corporate IT of large industrial companies has its  own peculiarities. They focus on sustainability of the IT infrastructure, and give the initiative in developing functionalit y of business systems to the so-called functional customers. In the current turbulent conditions it is necessary to abandon the stereotypes of corporate IT management. The article provides recommendations to general directors and shareholders of large industrial companies.

References:

1. Bashnin A.V., Ozols O.K. Importozameshchenie kul’tury izmerenii [Import Substitution of the Culture of Measurements]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2023, no 4(190), pp. 78–85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-4.190.2023.78-85

2. Vlast’ v SShA zakhvatila “bol’shaya tsifra” [Power in the USA Was Seized by “Big Numbers”]. Rambler, 2021, 10 marta, available at: https://news.rambler.ru/conflicts/45977057/?utm_content=news_media&utm_medium=read_more&utm_source=copylink

3. Kvitko Yu. “Tsifra” pronikla vo vse sfery ekonomiki [“Digital” has Penetrated All Spheres of the Economy]. Rossiyskaya gazeta, 2020, 28 aprelya, no 8147, available at: https://rg.ru/2020/04/28/cifra-pronikla-vo-vse-sfery-ekonomiki.html

4. Everett C. Johnson. IT governance: More needs to be done. ZD-Net, available at: https://www.zdnet.com/article/it-governance-more-needs-to-bedone/

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.195.2024.50-59

Innovation is a key factor in the modern economy development. At the same time, strategic planning in the context of innovation development is a primary step towards scientific and technological leadership and sovereignt y. In the modern world, key powers are investing enormous amounts of money in the race for leadership in the field of ar tificial intelligence, defining innovation for the coming years and decades. At the moment most countries, including Russia, have already formed their strategic vision for this sphere’s development. If we consider ar tificial intelligence technologies not just as a way to automate production processes, but as a tool to transform the entire economy due to the synergistic ef fect from introducing these technologies, then the question of the current role of AI in strategizing innovation becomes paramount. Analysis of the relationship between strategic planning documents and the National AI Development Strategy will mak e it possible to identify its place in the existing hierarchy of strategic documents and, as a result, to determine the strategy’s potential in stimulating Russia’s innovation development and economic transformation.

References:

1. Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 10 oktyabrya 2019 g. N 490 “O razvitii iskusstvennogo intellekta v Rossiyskoy Federatsii” [Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated October 10, 2019 No. 490 “On the Development of Artificial Intelligence in the Russian Federation”]. Garant, available at: https://base.garant.ru/72838946

2. Porter M. Konkurentnaya strategiya. Metodika analiza otrasley konkurentov [Competitive Strategy. Methodology for Analyzing Competitors’ Industries]. Moscow, Al’pina Pablisher, 2015, 435 p.

3. Khamel G., Prakhalad K.K. Konkuriruya za budushchee. Sozdanie rynkov zavtrashnego dnya [Competing for the Future. Creating Tomorrow’s Markets]. Moscow, Olimp-Biznes, 2014, 288 p.

4. Kvint V.L. Kontseptsiya strategirovaniya [Concept of Strategizing]. Kemerovo, Kemerovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet, 2022, 170 p., DOI: 10.21603/978-5-8353-2562-7

5. Artificial Intelligence Index Report, 2023. Stanford University, available at: https://aiindex.stanford.edu/report/

6. Pasport FP “Iskusstvennyy intellect” [FP Passport of “Artificial Intelligence”]. Konsul’tantPlyus. Sudebnye i normativnye akty RF, available at: https://sudact.

ru/law/pasport-federalnogo-proekta-iskusstvennyi-intellekt-natsionalnoi-programmy

7. Indeks gotovnosti prioritetnykh otrasley ekonomiki Rossiyskoy Federatsii k vnedreniyu iskusstvennogo intellekta: Analiticheskiy otchet [Index of Readiness of Priority Sectors of the Russian Economy for Implementing Artificial Intelligence: Analytical Report]. Analiticheskiy tsentr pri Pravitel’stve RF; MGU imeni

M.V. Lomonosova, 2021, 159 p.

8. Kolin K.K. Novyy etap razvitiya iskusstvennogo intellekta: natsional’nye strategii, tendentsii i prognozy [New Stage of Artificial Intelligence Development: National Strategies, Trends and Forecasts]. Strategicheskie prioritety, 2019, no 2(22), pp. 4–12.

DOI: 10.33917/es-2.194.2024.64-69

The COVID-19 pandemic has created a powerful additional incentive for digitalization of education. The article examines the example of strategizing education development through the prism of digitalization presented by the European Union. In the context of increasing global competition for talent in the IT field, the European Union recognizes the current pace of IT personnel training as insufficient and aims to introduce effective measures to attract IT talent from all over the world. This poses a threat of intensified “brain drain” from Russia, which must be taken into account when strategizing the education development in Russia.

References:

1. Good K.D. Multimedia. Digital Roots: Historicizing Media and Communication Concepts of the Digital Age. In G. Balbi, N. Ribeiro, V. Schafer, &C. Schwarzenegger (Eds.). Berlin, De Gruyter, 2021, pp. 59–75.

2. Rensfeldt A.B., Rahm L. Automating Teacher Work? A History of the Politics of Automation and Artificial Intelligence in Education. Postdigital Science and Education, 2023, vol. 5, pp. 25–43. DOI: ht tps://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-022-00344-x

3. European Commission. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European economic and social committee and the Committee of the regions 2030 Digital Compass: the European way for the Digital Decade. Brussels, 9.3.2021 COM(2021) 118 final. Brussels:

European Commission, 2021, available at: https://commission.europa.eu/system/files/2023-01/cellar_12e835e2-81af-11eb-9ac9-01aa75ed71a1.0001.02_DOC_1.pdf

4. Makarov V.L., Bakhtizin A.R., Sushko E.D. Agent-orientirovannye modeli kak instrument aprobatsii upravlencheskikh resheniy [Agent-based Models as a Testing Tool for Management Decisions]. Upravlencheskoe konsul’tirovanie, 2016, no 12(96), pp. 16–25.

5. Makarov V.L., Bakhtizin A.R., Sushko E.D., Ageeva A.F. Modelirovanie epidemii COVID-19 — preimushchestva agent-orientirovannogo podkhoda [Simulation of the COVID-19 Epidemic – Advantages of an Agent-Based Approach]. Ekonomicheskie i sotsial’nye peremeny: fakty, tendentsii, prognoz, 2020, vol. 13, no 4, pp. 58–73.

6. Kvint V.L. Strategicheskoe upravlenie i ekonomika na global’nom formiruyushchemsya rynke [Strategic Management and Economics in a Global Emerging Market]. Moscow, Biznes Atlas, 2012, 626 p.

7. Kvint V.L. Ideya noosfery Vernadskogo i zakonomernosti, predopredelyayushchie formirovanie global’nogo noosfernogo miroporyadka XXI v. [Vernadsky’s Concept of the Noosphere and the Patterns that Predetermine Formation of the Global Noospheric World Order of the 21st Century]. Upravlencheskoe konsul’tirovanie, 2013, no 5(53), pp. 13–19.

8. European Council. EUCO 14/17 CO EUR 17 CONCL 5. Brussels, European Council, 19 October 2017, available at: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/21620/19-euco-final-conclusions-en.pdf

9. Kvint V. Strategy for the Global Market: Theory and Practical Applications. N.Y., L., Routledge-Taylor & Francis, 2015.

DOI: 10.33917/es-2.194.2024.54-63

The article dwells on scientific and methodological approaches to solving the problem of forming a model of a digital twin of an enterprise, the production process, products and resources at all stages of the life cycle, when all departments involved in development, production, operation, including repair work, are represented in the form of a computer network that unites the combined elements of three types: sensors (detectors), factors (actuators and devices), control and management bodies. Proposed scientific-methodological approaches and principles of a “virtual enterprise” modeling are quite universal since they permit to provide a reflection and mathematical description of the dynamics of changes in the performance of an enterprise, its divisions and transformation of properties and characteristics of high-tech products that occur during the production process.

References:

1. Gubinskiy A.M. Upravlenie tekhnologicheskim razvitiem v sfere oborony i bezopasnosti Rossii, SShA i Kitaya: istoricheskie aspekty i sovremennyy opyt [Managing Technological Development in the Sphere of Defence and Security of Russia, the USA and China: Historical Aspects and Modern Experience: Russia]. Vol. I. Rossiya. Moscow, Izdatel’skie resheniya, 2021, 626 p.

2. Computing Curricula 2005. The Overview Report. ACM and IEEE Computer Society, 2005, 62 p.

3. Bratukhin A.G., Dmitriev V.G. Strategiya, kontseptsiya, printsipy CALS: Rossiyskaya entsiklopediya CALS. Aviatsionno-kosmicheskoe mashinostroenie [Strategy, Concept, CALS Principles: Russian Encyclopedia of CALS: Aerospace Mechanical Engineering]. Moscow, OAO “NITs ASK”, 2008, pp. 15–26.

4. Kovshov A.N., Nazarov Yu.F., Ibragimov I.M., Nikiforov A.D. Informatsionnaya podderzhka zhiznennogo tsikla izdeliy mashinostroeniya: printsipy, sistemy i tekhnologii CALS/IPI [Information Support for the Life Cycle of Mechanical Engineering Products: Principles, CALS/IPI Systems and Technologies]. Ucheb. posobie dlya studentov vuzov. Moscow, Akademiya, 2007, 304 p.

5. Deryabin N.I., Kuprikov M.Yu., Markin L.V., Deniskin Yu.I., Bragintseva L.M., Evdokimenko V.N., Latysheva V.V. Kadrovoe obespechenie: Rossiyskaya entsiklopediya CALS: Aviatsionno-kosmicheskoe mashinostroenie [Personnel Support: Russian Encyclopedia of CALS: Aerospace Engineering]. Moscow, OAO “NITs ASK”, 2008, pp. 557–575.

6. Zhamoydik T.I., Revyakov G.A. Nauchno-metodicheskie podkhody k resheniyu zadachi modelirovaniya predpriyatiya na baze kontseptual’nykh polozheniy tsifrovykh tekhnologiy: Raketno-kosmicheskoe priborostroenie i informatsionnye sistemy [Scientific-methodological Approaches to Solving the Problem of Enterprise Modeling Based on the Conceptual Provisions of Digital Technologies: Rocket-space instrument engineering and information systems]. Vol. 8, vyp.

2. Moscow, RKS, 2021, pp. 32–42.

7. Vice Admiral Arthur K. Cebrowski, U.S. Navy, and John J. Garstka. Network-Centric Warfare: Its Origin and Future. January 1998.

DOI: 10.33917/es-2.194.2024.42-53

While the physical basis of natural intelligence is the human brain, the physical basis of artificial intelligence (AI) is constituted by computers. Currently, the processes of creating AI based on computer technology are developing in two main directions — logical direction and neuromorphic one. The logical approach is aimed at creating computer systems designed to solve one or a limited set of “intelligent” problems (that is, problems whose solution would require intelligence if they were solved by a person). The neuromorphic approach aims to create computer systems that imitate the human brain functioning, and ultimately to create its artificial analogue.

References:

1. Yangging Jia. Technical Report. No. VCB/EECS 2014-93, Berkley.

2. Kalyaev I.A., Levin I.I., Semernikov E.A., Shmoilov V.I. Reconfigurable Multipipeline Computing Structures. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. USA. 2012. 340 p.

3. Guzik V.F., Kalyaev I.A., Levin I.I. Rekonfiguriruemye vychislitel’nye sistemy [Reconfigurable Computing Systems]. Rostov n/D, Izd-vo YuFU, 2016, 472 p.

4. Kalyaev I.A., Levin I.I. Rekonfiguriruemye vychislitel’nye sistemy na osnove PLIS [Reconfigurable Сomputing Systems Based on FPGAs]. Rostov n/D, Izd-vo YuNTs RAN, 2022, 475 p.

5. Spall J., Guo X., Barrett T.D., Lvovsky A.I. Fully reconfigurable coherent optical vector-matrix multiplication. Optics Letters, 45, 5752–5755 (2020).

6. Tait A.N., de Lima T.F., et al. Neuromorphic photonic networks using silicon photonic weight banks. Scientific Reports, 7, 7430 (2017).

7. Shen Y., Harris N.C., et al. Deep learning with coherent nanophotonic circuits. Nature Photon, 11(7), pp. 441–446 (2017).

8. Golovastikov N.V., Dorozhkin P.S., Soyfer V.A. Intellektual’nye tekhnicheskie sistemy na osnove fotoniki [Intelligent Technical Systems Based on Photonics]. Ontology of Designing, 2021, vol. 11, pp. 422–436.

9. Mikhaylov A.N., Gryaznov E.G., Lukoyanov V.I., Koryazhkina M.N., Bordanov I.A., Shchanikov S.A., Tel’minov O.A., Ivanchenko M.V., Kazantsev V.B. Na puti k realizatsii vysokoproizvoditel’nykh vychisleniy v pamyati na osnove memristornoy elektronnoy komponentnoy bazy [Towards the Implementation of High-performance Computing in Memory Based on Memristor Electronic Components]. Fizmat, 2023, vol. 1, no 1, pp. 42–64, DOI: 10.56304/S0000000023010021

10. Mikhaylov A.N., Gryaznov E.G., Koryazhkina M.N., Bordanov I.A., Shchanikov S.A., Telminov O.A., Kazantsev V.B. Neuromorphic computing based on CMOS-integrated memristive arrays: current state and perspectives. Supercomputing Frontiers and Innovations, 2023, vol. 10, no 2, pp. 77–103, DOI: 10.14529/jsfi230206

11. Dongarra J. Less Moor, more Brain. Moskovskiy superkomp’yuternyy forum, MGU, 2019.

12. Iskusstvennyy intellekt uvelichil moshchnost’ Superkomp’yuternogo tsentra “Politekhnicheskiy”. Saint Petersburg, SPbPU Petra Velikogo, Nauka i innovatsii, 22 dekabrya 2023 g. [Artificial Intelligence Has Increased the Capacity of the Polytechnic Supercomputer Center. St. Petersburg, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. Science and Innovation, December 22, 2023], available at: https://www.spbstu.ru/media/news/nauka_i_innovatsii/
iskusstvennyy-intellekt-uvelichil-moshchnost-superkompyuternogo-tsentra-politekhnicheskiy/