DOI: 10.33917/es-2.188.2023.80-89

The basic reasons for the onset of the Time of Troubles in Russia, associated with inability of the central government to perform their functions, are identified. An important role in instability was played by external organizations, including those that demonstrated a “friendly” attitude towards Russia. Withdrawal of the Fatherland from the Time of Troubles’ instability is connected with the emergence of organizations within it that are capable of realizing the idea of the country’s selfpreservation. The author concludes that the Time of Troubles in Russia came when the three main forces of organizations — owners, managers and the staff (in this case, the “orphan people”) lost their value orientations and did not act as a common front against the interventionists.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-4.184.2022.120-127

In analyzing the essence of the Russian national idea and the way of reviving spiritual and moral values, it is necessary not only to understand the causes and events that destroyed the Soviet state, but also to build a program of overcoming the systemic crisis based on our own historical experience in the historical and philosophical context. The power perceived in Ancient Russia, along with the adoption of Christianity, gained sacredness from Byzantium, which absorbed all the experience of Antiquity, Ancient Judea and the Roman Empire. The article formulates a historiosophical concept, defines the systemic crisis of statehood, and outlines a way out of the time of troubles through the genuine institution of democracy in Russia, the Zemsky Sobor (Russian People’s Assembly), which is inherent in Russian civilization.) from the indigenous classes: the clergy and the peasantry, the officers and the Cossacks, the merchants and the resurgent Russian entrepreneurship, the workers and peasants, the scientific and engineering and creative elite.