DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-4.178.2021.36-47

The article presents one of the most promising and ambitious in socio-economic, political, humanitarian aspects of the Russian scientists’ project: “United Eurasia: Trans-Eurasian Belt of RAZVITIE — Integrated Eurasian Transport System (United Eurasia: TEBR-IETS)”.

The main purpose of the project is to ensure the connectivity of the territories of the Russian Federation and their active development, first of all, the deep integrated development of Siberia, the Far East and the Arctic. The role of the project in the partnership of the progressive world community is great; the radically modernized Trans-Siberian Railway — the backbone of the project — is designed to connect the Far East, including Japan, with Western Europe and the USA in the future. This fact will make it possible to carry out on the territory of the Russian Federation and the countries included in the project, the systemic coordination of all types of transport, including river and nautical, to create a single world logistics complex of advanced technical and managerial development.

The creation of the IETS will consolidate Russian geopolitical position as a transport bridge between the world economic and civilizational regions. It will create conditions for mutually beneficial cooperation with Austria, Germany, France, Czech Republic, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, India; will open up new opportunities for cooperation with North Korea, Canada and USA in the future. It will arouse interest from the PRC in the integration of a similar Chinese project, the “Silk Road” with

the Russian Megaproject. The implementation of the Megaproject will allow Russia to offer the world a new effective version of a non-confrontational way of solving international problems, become a geo-economic and geopolitical integrator on the Euro-Asian continent, lay the foundations for the solidarity development of all civilizational centers around Russia as a civilization state, make it senseless and impossible to impose sanctions on Russia, and raise to a qualitatively new level of authority and the role of the Russian Federation in the modern world

Authors propose a new idea of the economic theory construction as a more systematic and reasonable. The authors divide the economics into five levels: nanoeconomics, microeconomics, mezoeconomics, macroeconomics and megaeconomics. Nanoeconomics is considered as economics of intellectual capital, intellectual property and innovations. Nanoeconomics is the systemic basis for all other economics, ensuing from it by meaning and substance. In the article there is noted the increasing significance of legal factor in modern economic theory and practice and, in particular, the IP law importance.

The article presents the structural subsystems of society, which are the mechanisms of its support (stabilization or preservation) with emphasis on social relations. The autor analizes the views and opinions of scientists regarding the social organism filling with the basic system elements. Types of social structures are presented, including socioethnic, socio-demographic, socio-spatial, stratification one and others. The definition of social interaction is given with nuances: socio-economic, socio-political and socio-cultural interactions. Interactions and mutual influences of the sources and stimulators of society renewal are defined. The variant of functional conformity of the compatible environment of renewing and subsystems of the society organizations is offered. The assumption on expansion of the society subsystems to seven spheres on the basis of a cyclic model of its development is set forth.

Article considers methodology of applying the complexity concept in modern scientific discourse. Noting impossibility of its further use in a wellestablished blurred and eclectic form, the author proposes to differentiate this concept for three reasons: syncretic and composite complexity, system complexity and complexity of specialization, complexity of structural elements and inter-elementary links. This differentiation sets a fundamentally new methodological optics in analyzing a wide range of phenomena relating both to the natural sciences and to the humanitarian area, as well as to the problem of evolutionary dynamics.

Article dwells on methodology of complexity concept application in modern scientific discourse. Noting impossibility of its use in a well-settled blurred and eclectic form, the author proposes to differentiate this concept by three arguments: syncretic and combined complexity, complexity of system and complexity of specialization, and finally complexity of structural elements and inter-elementary links. This differentiation sets a fundamentally new methodological optics in analyzing a wide range of phenomena relating to both the natural sciences and humanitarian areas, as well as to the problem of evolutionary dynamics.

Constant transformation of the market economy, increasing globalization and competition are pushing the business to the evolution of approaches in management.