DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.108.2023.74-84

This article discusses the organizational, economic and technological aspects of the processing of MSW into electricity in the leading EU countries under economic sanctions. The issues of using and applying foreign, in particular German experience in the field of state incentives for companies to use renewable energy sources in the energy sector and the processing of municipal solid waste were considered. It has been established that over the past three decades, the consumption of brown coal in the fuel and energy complex of Germany has decreased from 21 to 8%, hard coal from 15 to 8%, and the use of nuclear energy has decreased from 11 to 6%, while gas consumption has increased from 11 to 25%. It has been revealed that over the past few years Germany has been the leader in the EU in terms of MSW recycling and the share of waste return to the economic turnover in Germany is 66%, while in the EU countries this figure does not exceed 46% on average. In particular, in Germany, electronic industry waste is 100% recycled, and waste paper, cardboard and glass are recycled by more than 85%. The German technology of MSW processing is analyzed, which allows the most efficient use of organic waste for the production of renewable energy sources, including biogas and fertilizers for agriculture.

References:

1. Alekseev A.E., Novitsky I.Yu., Zhenzhebir V.N., Pshava T.S., Shestov A.V. International globalization and transformation of the concept of energy security. Online journal of Science Studies. 2015;7(6(31)):2. (In Russ).

2. Alekseev A.E., Novitsky I.Yu., Zhenzhebir V.N., Pshava T.S., Dadugin M.V. Energy security in the European Union: problems of «dependence» and development. Online journal of Science Studies. 2015;7(6 (31)):3. (In Russ).

3. Bondarenko A.M., Kachanova L.S., Chelbin S.M. Technological bases of the production process of humic organomineral fertilizers. Far Eastern Agrarian Bulletin. 2022;16(4):93-99. (In Russ).

4. Bondarenko A.M., Kachanova L.S., Baryshnikov A.V. Determination of technological and design parameters of a brush auger for processing liquid manure as part of a mobile installation. International Agricultural Journal. 2022;65(3). (In Russ).

5. Vukovich N.A., Polyanskaya O.A. Bioenergy as a driver of green economy development in Russia. Beneficiary. 2020;4 (37):4-10. (In Russ).

6. Gromova O.N., Papoyan A.N. Experience of organization of solid household waste management abroad. Journal of Management Studies. 2019;5(2):3-6. (In Russ).

7. Golovanov V.I. The role of ecology in the sustainable development of society: dialectics and retrospective. Monograph. Moscow, Publishing House: LLC «MAX Press», 2021.

8. Golovanov V.I., Kirnarskaya S.V., Anfimova A.Yu. Prospects for the implementation of programs for the collection and processing of household waste. In the collection: Strategic directions in the regions: ecological, economic and social aspects. Materials of the international scientific and practical conference. Editor-in-chief: A.V. Antonov, 2019. pp. 180-189.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.108.2023.52-60

This article provides an analytical review of government programs and incentive projects for leading EU companies in the use of renewable energy sources (RES), hydrogen and recycling of municipal solid waste (MSW) under economic sanctions. It has been established that the federal government of Germany, as the leading EU country, as part of stimulating the use of renewable energy, has launched a series of public and public-private (with the involvement of large investors) projects and financing programs that are aimed at private households, as well as municipalities and companies. The 7 largest projects and programs for the use of renewable energy and hydrogen were analyzed, as well as the 6 largest projects and programs for the recycling of solid waste. It has been established that renewable energy sources have begun to play an important role in the structure of the energy balance of the entire European Union, in no way inferior to fossil fuels.

References:

1. Alekseev A.E., Novitsky I.Yu., Zhenzhebir V.N., Pshava T.S., Shestov A.V. International globalization and transformation of the concept of energy security. Online journal of Science Studies. 2015;7(6(31)):2. (In Russ).

2. Alekseev A.E., Novitsky I.Yu., Zhenzhebir V.N., Pshava T.S., Dadugin M.V. Energy security in the European Union: problems of «dependence» and development. Online journal of Science Studies. 2015;7(6 (31):3. (In Russ).

3. Vukovich N.A., Polyanskaya O.A. Bioenergy as a driver of green economy development in Russia. Beneficiary. 2020;4 (37):4-10. (In Russ).

4. Novitsky I.Yu., Alekseev A.E., Pshava T.S., Zhenzhebir V.N., Shestov A.V. Energy security as a factor of international development. Online journal of Science Studies. 2015;7(6(31)):69. (In Russ).

5. Novitsky I.Yu., Alekseev A.E., Zhenzhebir V.N., Pshava T.S., Shestov A.V. European business and energy security in the light of the global crisis. Online journal of Science Studies. 2015;7(6 (31)):70. (In Russ).

6. Polozhentseva I.V., Alekseev A.E., Novitsky I.Yu., Zhenzhebir V.N., Pshava T.S. The dilemma of the political elite of the European Union countries in the energy sector. Online journal of Science Studies. 2015;7(6 (31)):78. (In Russ).

7. Polyanskaya O.A., Tatarenko V.N. Economics and management of an energy enterprise. Textbook in the direction 13.03.01 «Heat power engineering and heat engineering» profile «Industrial heat power engineering». St. Petersburg, 2020.

8. Polyanskaya O.A. The future of bioenergy. Modern aspects of the economy. 2015;9 (217):8-10. (In Russ).

9. Stolyarova A.N., Shutov O.L., Mustafinova D.S. Problems of strategic management of the development of the fuel and energy complex of Russia. Bulletin of MIRBIS. 2022;1 (29):92-99. (In Russ).

10. Teslenko I.B., Prochnova A.A. Forecast scenarios for the development of energy markets. Economics and management: problems, solutions. 2020;3(11(107)):15-19. (In Russ).

11. Filatov V.V., Dorofeev A.Yu., Palastina I.P., Polozhentseva I.V., Tsarev A.A. The economy of Russia and the Eurozone: the current state and prospects of development. Online journal of Science Studies. 2015;7(2 (27)):78. (In Russ).