DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-5.185.2022.12-21

The purpose of this article is to assess the regions of the Russian Federation by the level of PPP development from the perspective

of their infrastructural and socio-economic development and the impact of PPP on accelerating their economic growth. To do this, the following tasks are being implemented: assessment of the general characteristics of the PPP market for the period 2006–2021, in particular, public and private contributions to PPP projects, distribution of investments in the areas under consideration; analysis of accumulated investments in the PPP market for the period 2006–2021, assessment of their impact on investment attractiveness and economic growth of regions based on the distribution by federal districts and regions of the Russian Federation; analysis of the market of large PPP projects for the period 2006–2021 from the position of influence on the strategic development of regions, its distribution by federal districts and regions of the Russian Federation; based on the results of the study, determining the top 10 most developed regions for the use of PPP mechanisms.

The methodology of the study is an analysis of the distribution of the classical PPP market by regions and districts based on the

construction of tables and diagrams. To characterize the overall economic and infrastructural development of the regions, PPP

projects in the housing, social, transport and IT spheres were considered.

The results of the study are that the assessment of the level of economic and infrastructural development of the regions is given; the strategic importance of PPP projects for the regions (especially large ones) is substantiated; it is determined that the successful implementation of PPP projects is a factor in the economic growth of the regions. Based on the analysis, the 10 most developed regions are identified from the point of view of the use of PPP mechanisms. The perspective of the study is to use its results to expand the PPP market, in particular, in territories in need of economic development. At the same time, in order to expand the territorial coverage of the PPP market, it is necessary to create conditions for the implementation of such projects in order to ensure the economic growth of the regions.

References:

1. Chumakov I.I. Gosudarstvenno-chastnoe partnerstvo kak osnovnaya forma partnerstva gosudarstva i biznesa [Public-private Partnership as the Main Form of Partnership Between the State and the Business]. Aktual’nye problemy i perspektivy razvitiya ekonomiki: rossiiskii i zarubezhnyi opyt, 2017, no 11, 29–32.

2. Sukharev O.S. Instituty regional’nogo razvitiya: kontseptual’no-prakticheskii analiz organizatsionnykh izmenenii [Regional Development Institutions: Conceptual and Practical Analysis of Organizational Changes]. Ekonomicheskii analiz: teoriya i praktika, 2012, no 4 (259), pp. 2–12.

3. Sukharev O.S., Voronchikhina E.N. Tipy tekhnologicheskogo razvitiya regionov: struktura tekhnologii i investitsii [Types of Regions’ Technological Development: Structure of Technologies and Investments]. Investitsii v Rossii, 2019, no 7, pp. 24–36.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-6.180.2021.30-39

The overwhelming majority of social infrastructure facilities remain in state ownership, requiring special formats for attracting private investment without possibility of disposition and loss of their destination. Mechanism of public-private partnership doesn’t leave any other option for such projects, and the “private concession initiative”, which has become widespread in recent years, is best suited for projects focused on commercial activities, although this limits its application to social facilities. Non-competitive basis of this format relies on the market offer of the investor, whose rationality does not imply social behavior and whose activity is obviously not intended for budgetary participation. Recently, there has been an increase in cases of government authorities taking commitments on budgetary co-financing of agreements concluded as a result of such initiatives, which is often fraught with systemic violations of budgetary legislation. Connivance of the control-supervisory and judicial authorities results in formation of skewed law enforcement practice, in 36.2% of projects investors receive

additional rental income from the budget, objectively not justified. This not only results in budget overpayments, but also devalues competitive formats that were previously quite successful — at present only 1/5 of social projects are concluded through a competitive process.

Источники:

1. Kireeva A.V. Sovremennye problemy institutsional’nogo regulirovaniya ekonomicheskikh otnoshenii v sfere gosudarstvenno-chastnogo partnerstva [Modern Problems of Institutional Regulation of Economic Relations in the Field of Public-Private Partnership]. Vestnik Evraziiskoi nauki, 2020, no 4, available at: https://esj.today/PDF/56ECVN420.pdf.

2. Kudelich M.I. Pryamoe soglashenie v proektakh s gosudarstvennym uchastiem: sravnitel’no-pravovoi analiz [Direct Agreement in Projects with State Participation: Comparative Legal Analysis]. Finansovyi zhurnal, 2019, no 6, pp. 57–69, available at: DOI: https://doi.org/10.31107/2075-1990-2019-6-57-69.

3. Ponomarev R.V. Osobennosti regulirovaniya kontsessionnykh soglashenii v zarubezhnykh stranakh [Peculiarities of Regulating Concession Agreements in Foreign Countries]. Innovatsii i investitsii, 2015, no 8, pp. 66–70.

4. Istomina N.A. Konkurentsiya za byudzhetnye sredstva v kontseptsii byudzhetirovaniya, orientirovannogo na rezul’tat [Competition for Budgetary Funds in the Concept of Performance-Based Budgeting]. Finansovaya analitika: problemy i resheniya, 2014, no 29, pp. 41–47.

5. Gavrilova Yu.A. Monitoring praktiki primeneniya zakonodatel’stva o kontraktnoi sisteme i perspektivy ego sovershenstvovaniya [Monitoring the Practice of Applying Legislation on the Contract System and Prospects for Its Improvement]. Monitoring pravoprimeneniya, 2019, no 3, pp. 36–42, available at: DOI: https://doi.org/10.21681/2226-0692-2019-3-36-42.

6. Belozor F.I. Zakupki dlya gosudarstvennykh nuzhd: garmonizatsiya dobrosovestnoi konkurentsii i ekonomicheskoi effektivnosti [Public Procurement: Harmonizing Fair Competition and Economic Efficiency]. Gosudarstvennoe i munitsipal’noe upravlenie. Uchenye zapiski, 2021, no 1, available at: DOI: https://doi.org/10.22394/2079-1690-2021-1-1-93-101.

DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.33917/es-5.179.2021.16-27

Result of the government’s many years of efforts to liberalize the market of social services is a huge number of organizations that are privately owned — 45,9%, but which have minimal impact on the infrastructure development. The reason is that private business alienates long-term and capital-intensive projects, and the overwhelming part of the social infrastructure (for sports facilities it constitutes 95.2%) remains in the state and municipal ownership. The state mistakenly classifies concession projects as investment projects that are paid back only through fee-based exploitation. Thus, social policy is being deprived of a promising mechanism — transformation of concession agreements into the basis for socialization of private investments, infrastructure and services. The identified problems of social disorientation in specifying criteria for evaluating the proposals of participants in concession tenders form the basis for asocial conditions of concession agreements, which makes social services inaccessible to the general population. Commercialization of the activities of social facilities is admissible (although in a limited sense), but at the same time, services at state tariffs or free of charge should prevail. There is a need for systematic scientific and methodological work on cross-cutting incorporation of this approach into the current regulatory framework and guidelines in order to create a network of basic social infrastructure for all segments of the population.

DOI: 10.33917/es-8.166.2019.83-93

One of the most pressing social problems in Russia continues to be providing needy Russians with decent housing. The lack of possibilities for the population to satisfy their housing needs impedes the full development of an individual, reduces demographic activity, which ultimately causes a slowdown in economic growth. It is possible and it is necessary to counteract the growing negative trend by improving the housing policy, putting in its the basis joint efforts of the state, science and business by actively introducing modern organizational forms and management tools. National project “Housing and Urban Environment” can become a systemic solution to accumulated problems. Its implementation requires developing a modern concept of housing construction, complemented by advantages, means and professionalism of the state and corporate management systems based on partnership relations, legislated as publicprivate partnerships

DOI: 10.33917/es-6.164.2019.128-134

The article proposes solutions to an urgent challenge: transforming Russian regions into the territories of advanced development taking advantage of technologies of the fourth industrial revolution, Industry 4.0. The paper dwells on advantages and problems of introducing the Industry 4.0 technologies, proposals on cooperation of the state and business for introducing technologies of Industry 4.0 at the industrial level and for their promotion among the population.

This article presents a multi-factorial regression analysis of budgetary efficiency of the special economic zones functioning in the Russian market. Special economic zones are the current form of public-private partnership in Russia, which has got significant development prospects. Public-private partnership is one of the most important institutions of economic relations between government and business, being among other things one of the key tools for investing into development of the real sector of economy. On the other hand, at present the social and budgetary efficiency of special economic zones in Russia is called into question by the state. Specific factors affecting the efficiency of special economic zones development, as well as their degree of influence, often remain unclear. In this regard, it seems important to study the budgetary efficiency of special economic zones through the prism of specific macroeconomic and specific factors published by the Russian Ministry of Economic Development. The study time frame covers the period of 2012-2016. Based on the results obtained, it seems possible to have more clear and deep understanding of the areas for developing interaction between the state and business in Russia.

Public-private partnership (PPP) is an effective mechanism of interaction between government and business for realization of complex and socially significant projects. The analysis of statistical sources made it possible to draw conclusions about the positive impact of investment in major infrastructure projects on GDP growth in both developing and developed countries. Having analyzed the definitions of PPP from different sources, author has identified the main principles, forms and characteristics of PPP, and suggested his own model of interaction between government and business. In present study special attention is paid to consideration of PPP contribution to the strategic development of key sectors of the economy in the context of transition to the sixth technological order. As a result of the study, perspective points of development of this mechanism in the sphere of high technologies have been formulated.

The article examines the subject of research, focused on the study of economic and organizational relations and processes associated with the management of the investment value of land for residential development of the territory at the stage of land development based on the application of public-private partnership models. The relevance of this problem is related to the importance of solving the goal of increasing the commissioning of housing according to the message of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly of 2018, which provides strategic plans for the transition from an average annual input of 80 to 120 million square meters. This is possible only through the use of economic tools for forecasting and managing the investment value of land. The purpose of the study is to develop conceptual theoretical and methodological and practical models for assessing and managing the investment value of land plots at the stage of land development in relation to housing construction with the priority of integrated development of territories on the basis of optimization of public-private partnership. As the applied research methods, a set of systemically interconnected methodological approaches based on the application of the theory of appraisal activity, economic and mathematical modeling, technical and economic, logical analysis, as well as the theory of risks, expert assessments, situational analysis and forecasting were used. The article shows both the author’s methodology and the results obtained that allow to simulate the management processes of the investment value of projects of the complex residential development of the territory to transfer it from negative to positive. Such management decisions are recommended to be carried out on the basis of the multivariate parameters of public-private partnership in relation to the performance of technical conditions, the volume of participation in social facilities, the transport and engineering infrastructure of construction. Ultimately, the article demonstrates the value of the completed studies both from the standpoint of the development of theory and methodology in the field of valuation theory applied to the category of “investment value”, and for the scientific and practical development of public-private partnership processes in the field of managing the increase in housing commissioning for corporate investment management and bodies of state and municipal management.

The second lecture is devoted to the initiation and development of liberal ideas on the role of the State in a market economy. Several kinds of liberalism — from classical to neoliberalism are marked. Views of Western and Russian Liberal schools on the cooperation between government and business are compared. The ordoliberalizm school in which the necessity to combine private initiative, freedom of entrepreneurship, and the public interest in a competitive environment is justified. The German model of Social market economy that combines liberal values with active role of the State in the social sphere is recognized as basic in the European Union.