DOI: 10.33917/es-6.192.2023.84-89

Over the past few decades, the approach to assessing the competitiveness of the state has moved from a closer focus on strict economic indicators to the assessment of such parameters as the human-centeredness of the economy, improvement of the quality of life, emphasis on innovation and digital transformation. At the same time, it is not yet possible to assert the complete dominance of social parameters in the comprehensive image assessment of the state. Thus, according to the author of the study, the phenomenon of state competitiveness is inextricably linked to the desire of the world community for international economic security, which, in turn, is inseparable from the national economic security of individual actors. At the same time, the social orientation of the policy is not the last place in the assessment of national economic security, which is in line with the global trend to popularize non-economic image factors of competitiveness. Explores the conceptual framework, interrelation and interdependence of the concepts of state competitiveness and economic security, determining their essential indivisibility both in economic and political science boundaries.

References:

1. The Global Competitiveness Report 2011–2012. World Economic Forum. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. С. 3, 4.

2. Gordienko D.V., Safonov M.S. Reintegratsiya ili dezintegratsiya. Kak zashchitit’ natsional’nye interesy? [Reintegration or Disintegration. How to Protect National Interests?]. Moscow, Nauchnaya biblioteka, 2018, 384 p.

3. Gromova N.V. Rol’ chelovecheskogo kapitala v obespechenii konkurentosposobnosti sovremennykh kompanii [The Role of Human Capital in Ensuring the Competitiveness of Modern Companies]. Sovremennaya konkurentsiya, 2014, no 6, p. 128.

4. Mariya Chunikhina. Doklad Mishustina Putinu o sostoyanii ekonomiki strany v 2023 godu. Glavnoe [Mishustin’s Report to Putin on the State of the Country’s Economy in 2023. Main]. AiF, 2023, 5 iyulya, available at: https://aif.ru/money/economy/doklad_mishutina_putinu_o_sostoyanii_ekonomiki_strany_v_2023_godu_glavnoe

5. Zakon RF ot 5 marta 1992 g. N 2446-I “O bezopasnosti” (s izm. i dop.) [Law of the Russian Federation of March 5, 1992 No. 2446-I “On Security” (as amended and supplemented)]. Garant, available at: https://base.garant.ru/3959688/

6. Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 29 aprelya 1996 g. N 608 [Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated April 29, 1996 No. 608]. Ofitsial’nyi sait Prezidenta RF, available at: http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/9261

7. Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 13 maya 2017 g. N 208 “O Strategii ekonomicheskoi bezopasnosti Rossiiskoi Federatsii na period do 2030 goda” [Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2017 No. 208 “On the Strategy for the Economic Security of the Russian Federation for the period until 2030”].

Ofitsialэnyi sait Prezidenta RF, available at: http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/41921

8. Morgenthau H.J., Knopf A.A. Politics Among Nations. The Struggle for Power and Peace. Second Edition. N.Y., 1955.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-4.111.2023.73-81

Considers the sustainable development of human capital as the basis for scientific and technological transformations of the Russian economy. The importance of considering this problem is due to the fact that innovative development, ensuring the technological security of the state, directly depends on the people who are called upon to solve this problem, on the level of human capital, the bearer of which they are. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between innovation activity and the level of human capital, to study the state of the main components of human capital, to identify problems and possible solutions. In the course of the study, general theoretical methods were used: analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction. The analysis showed that the global leaders in the field of innovation also occupy strong positions in terms of the level of human capital, and this trend is also typical for Russian regions. The study indicated the presence of a number of problems in the development of the main components of human capital, which, to a certain extent, is due to a decrease in federal budget spending on the main areas directly related to the development of human capital. A possible solution to the identified problems is proposed through the development and adoption of a comprehensive state program for the formation and development of human capital.

References: 

1. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 20, 2023 No. 1315-r “On approval of the Concept of technological development for the period up to 2030”. URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_447895/

2. Global Innovation Index 2022

3. Rating of regions by scientific and technological development – the results of 2021. URL: https://riarating.ru/infografika/20221024/630231634.html

4. Human development index in Russia: regional differences. URL: https://ac.gov.ru/uploads/2-Publications/analitika/2022/_2021_long.pdf

5. Most educated countries in 2023. URL: https://translated.turbopages.org/proxy_u/en-ru.ru.822d3c45-64ae8608-e9b7ec27-74722d776562/https/worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries

6. Information and analytical materials based on the results of monitoring the activities of educational institutions of higher education. URL: https://monitoring.miccedu.ru/?m=vpo&year=2021

7. In 2022, the size of the market for additional professional education in Russia decreased by 3.8%: from 824 to 793 million acad. hours. URL: https://businesstat.ru/news/additional_professional_education/

8. Demographics. URL: https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/12781

9. Life expectancy in Russia rose to a record high after a two-year decline. URL: https://www.rbc.ru/economics/26/03/2023/641f04989a7947c736e37524

10. On the results of the work of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in 2022 and tasks for 2023. URL: http://medinvestclub.ru/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/About-results-of-work.pdf

11. The main directions of the budget, tax and customs tariff policy for 2023 and for the planning period of 2024 and 2025. URL: https://minfin.gov.ru/common/upload/library/2022/10/main/Osn_2023-2025.pdf

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-2.182.2022.6-19

One of the most promising tools for monitoring and predicting social processes are agent-based models, which are widely used abroad. Their advantage lies in the consideration of the system under study at the level of its individual individuals, which increases the realism of these computer-based assessment methods. In Russia, this direction is also developing, although not so actively. The article discusses the dynamics of the population of Russia, as well as the factors of increasing the birth rate, successful examples of the practical implementation of agent models for studying social processes, a brief description of the model we developed, which includes 146 million agents, is given. With the help of this tool, a forecast of the population of Russia and an assessment of the impact on this indicator of some measures aimed at improving the demographic situation were obtained.

Источники:

1. Makarov V.L., Bakhtizin A.R., Il’in N.I. Modelirovanie i otsenka natsional’noi sily Rossii [Modeling and Assessing the National Strength of Russia]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2020, no 2, pp. 6–19, available at: DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-2.168.2020.6-19.

2. Makarov V.L., Bakhtizin A.R., Il’in N.I., Sushko E.D. Natsional’naya bezopasnost’ Rossii [National Security of Russia]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2020, no 5, pp. 6–23, available at: DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-5.171.2020.6-23.

3. Andreev E.M., Darskii L.E., Khar’kova T.L. Naselenie Sovetskogo Soyuza: 1922–1991 [Population of the Soviet Union: 1922–1991]. Moscow, Nauka, 1993, 143 p.

4. Federal’naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoi statistiki [Federal State Statistics Service], available at: https://rosstat.gov.ru.

5. Zdravookhranenie [Healthcare]. Federal’naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoi statistiki, available at:  https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/13721.

6. Sobotka T., Matysiak A., Brzozowska Z. Policy responses to low fertility: How effective are they? Working Paper, May, 2019, N 1, available at: https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Policy_responses_low_fertility_UNFPA_WP_Final_corrections_7Feb2020_CLEAN.pdf.

7. The World Bank, available at: https://data.worldbank.org.

8. Aganbegyan A.G. O katastroficheskom uvelichenii smertnosti i merakh po sberezheniyu naroda v Rossii [On Catastrophic Increase in Mortality and Measures to Save the People in Russia]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2021, no 4, pp. 6–13, available at: DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-4.178.2021.6-13.

9. Country Comparisons — Death Rate. The World Factbook, available at: https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/death-rate/country-comparison.

10. Goldstein J.R., Koulovatianos C., Li J., Schr der C. Evaluating how child allowances and daycare subsidies affect fertility. Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, available at: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-430067.

11. Kalwij A. The impact of family policy expenditure on fertility in western Europe. Demography, 2010, N 47(2), pp. 503–519, available at: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.0.0104.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-2.176.2021.22-37

Russia faces a critical choice. The world civilizational shift objectively determines the new roles of the individual, society, state and new models of their relationships and mutual influences. The digital citizen and the digital society are becoming the main factors of success in achieving national strategic goals, the balance of individual and social development forms the social order of the 21st century in Russia

DOI: 10.33917/es-5.163.2019.120-125

In the modern economy, an important role in providing sustainable development of an enterprise, a state and the world have got not only financial indicators, but also non-financial ones, especially human capital. The article dwells on the theories of human capital, their implementation in the third world countries and identifies directions for human capital development in these countries. In addition, the article analyzes the significance of human capital development for building an innovative society

After four years of depression (2013–2016), our country this year came out of recession and again went into a stage of stagnation. If we take serious measures that need to be worked out and basically adopted this year, then as early as 2018–2019, our country can resume socio-economic growth.

After four years of depression (2013–2016), our country this year came out of recession and again went into a stage of stagnation. If we take serious measures that need to be worked out and basically adopted this year, then as early as 2018–2019, our country can resume socio-economic growth.

The lecture deals with Keynesian views on interaction between government and business — first, during the Great Depression, and then in the postwar period of economic recovery, when the role of the State in the Tandem increased, the State intensified its involvement in the business. The role of public investment into infrastructure as a cornerstone of future economic growth is characterized. Keynesian idea of the importance for economic development of investment in human capital is obtained. The features of neo-developmentalism (neo-structuralism) that have proliferated in the XXI century are analysed.

In view of the increasing State’s influence in the economy around the World, especially in 2010s, we start publishing series of lectures dedicated to interaction between State and Business. The author examines the State’s participation in economic life of some countries and beyond national borders, State’s relationship with Private Capital in the conditions of the market economy formation and further internationalization. The term “State capitalism” is becoming widespread again in the World. This is largely due to the increasing number of companies with State participation among the leading transnational corporations, especially coming from emerging economies. The course of lectures deals with the history of interaction between State and Business and is intended for undergraduate and graduate students studying the History of economic Thought and economic policy. It may also be useful for everybody interested in evolution of the State’s role in one of the key areas of its influence — economy.

The inequality problem is one of the key problems of the economic theory in XX-XXI centuries as according to most researchers’ estimates the impact potential of this phenomenon on the key economic indicators is very high. Inequality is caused by a lot of factors, ranging from biological ones. The article attempts to review the latest research of the inequality phenomenon in its various aspects and to assess its potential impact on the present-day Russia’s development.