DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.113.2023.71-75

The scientific article summarizes the theoretical concepts of a digital twin and classifies its main types in the digital economy. The principles of operation of digital twins are outlined using the example of the production process and modern marketplace.

References: 

1. Gubanova A.V. Digital transformation as a tool for developing the competitiveness of industrial enterprises. Creative economy. 2020;6:17-18. (In Russ.).

2. Zhukovskaya I.V., Akaeva V.R., Kuzmin M.S. Current problems of digitalization of companies using the example of the industrial sector. Microeconomics. 2023;4:51-55. (In Russ.).

3. Ragimkhanov A.V. Systematization of scientific approaches to the study of competitiveness of services: from theory to practice / A.V. Ragimkhanov, I.V. Zhukovskaya. Microeconomics. 2022;1:75-78. (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.33917/es-5.191.2023.72-77

In the context of growing technological gap between the Russian Federation and developed countries, restrictions on developing scientific research and innovation due to narrowing scientific cooperation opportunities, reduced access to world scientifictechnical achievements and scientific equipment, as well as low demand from public and business sectors of the economy for scientific, scientific-technical and innovative products, the role of strategic management in the sphere of scientific-technological development, aimed at increasing the role of science in reproductive processes, ensuring the optimal choice of priority areas in science, technology and engineering, concentration of existing scientific, technical and innovative potential for their implementation in a short term, is significantly increasing. The present article analyzes the current system of state strategic management of scientific-technological development, gives recommendations for its improvement with a focus on the final result of scientific, scientific-technical and innovative activities by ensuring the integrity and continuity of innovative processes.

References:

1. Nauka. Tekhnologii. Innovatsii: 2023: Kratkii statisticheskii sbornik [Science. Technologies. Innovations: 2023: Brief Statistical Compendium]. Moscow, NIU VShE, 2023, 102 p.

2. Mindeli L.E., Ostapyuk S.F., Fetisov V.P. Gosudarstvennoe upravlenie nauchno-tekhnicheskoi deyatel’nost’yu v Rossii: sostoyanie i perspektivy [State Management of Scientific and Technical Activities in Russia: Current State and Prospects]. Moscow, Institut problem razvitiya nauki RAN, 2018, 108 p.

3. Ostapyuk S.F., Fetisov V.P. O sovershenstvovanii modeli strategicheskogo upravleniya v sfere nauki i tekhnologii [On Improving the Strategic Management Model in the Field of Science and Technology]. Mikroekonomika, 2022, no 6, pp. 5–18.

4. Chereshnev V.A., Todosiichuk A.V. Nauka v Rossii: sostoyanie, problemy, perspektivy razvitiya [Science in Russia: State, Problems, Development Prospects]. Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii nauk, 2022, vol. 92, no 3, pp. 201–212.

5. Todosiichuk A.V. Usloviya i faktory nauchno-tekhnologicheskogo i innovatsionnogo razvitiya ekonomiki [Conditions and Factors of Scientific, Technological and

Innovative Development of the Economy]. Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii nauk, 2023, vol. 93, no 3, pp. 237–245.

6. Indikatory nauki: 2022: Statisticheskii sbornik [Science Indicators: 2022: Statistical Compendium]. Moscow, NIU VShE, 2022, 400 p.

7. Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskoe polozhenie Rossii. 2022 god [Socio-economic Situation in Russia. 2022]. Moscow, Federal’naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoi statistiki, 2022, no 12, 340 p.

8. Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskoe polozhenie Rossii. 2023 god [Socio-economic Situation in Russia. 2023]. Moscow, Federal’naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoi statistiki, 2023, no 5, 287 p.

9. Todosiichuk A.V. Upravlenie naukoi v nestatsionarnoi ekonomike [Management of Science in a Non-stationary Economy]. Naukovedcheskie issledovaniya, 2022, no 3, pp. 71–85.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-5.185.2022.87-91

Review of the book by the famous Russian economist, sociologist and politician V.L. Inozemtsev “Economy without dogmas: how the US is creating a new economic order”, published in 2021 by Alpina-Publisher.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-3.98.2021.15-21

This article presents a managerial analysis of socio-cultural activities using the L. Euler diagram. When separating the concepts of «culture» and «quality», «quality» and «values», «values» and «culture», such concepts as «quality culture», «cultural values» and «quality of culture» are formed. This confirms the relevance of the use of L. Euler diagrams, which were used to analyze the components in the field of culture. This tool helped the authors to illustrate the relationships between different concepts and to formulate new definitions that come from the analyzed concepts.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.96.2021.5-10

The problems of forming a unified digital information environment of a group of industry and cross-industry clusters of large and medium-sized companies within the framework of international integration associations (unions) with the participation of Russia are considered. The possibility and expediency of involving various types of resources distributed over economic spaces into the control loop has been substantiated. It is proposed to form resource- and object- (agent-based) structured matrices of effective demand and cooperative supply of products and services in Russia and abroad.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-5.94.2020.39-43

A study of the methodological and methodological aspects of managing economic processes allowed the authors to determine the basic conceptual principles for the formation of an energy strategy for the use of natural gas in industrial enterprises and distribute them into groups. This article presents the author’s classification of the system of principles for the formation of an energy-efficient strategy for using natural gas at an industrial enterprise, analyzes the principles considered on this issue, which allowed them to be combined into the following target groups: organizational, economic, financial, environmental, technological, methodological and specific. The authors propose, formulate and justify two new specific principles for the formation of an energy strategy: the risk principle of the energy strategy and the principle of reorganization of energy chains of natural gas consumption by an enterprise. For most of the principles presented, regression models have been developed for their quantitative assessment. Conclusions are made regarding the proposed classification of principles, according to which all principles are of equal importance in the implementation of the energy strategy and should be implemented and investigated simultaneously.

DOI: 10.33917/es-5.171.2020.136-143

Monetary policy currently pursued by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation is a reflection of external market conditions. Regulatory approaches should, in particular, help reduce the dependence of monetary policy on external factors — such as oil prices, foreign loans, access to foreign markets, etc. This is not about completely isolating the monetary sphere of the Russian Federation from parameters and the external environment. It is required to refuse close, automatic communication with the given parameters. It is necessary to increase the stability of the monetary system of the Russian Federation and the economy as a whole in relation to external shocks. This can be done through more active use of a wide range of tools available to the regulator. These include monetary and regulatory mechanisms (interest rates, reserve requirements, foreign exchange positions, etc.), gold reserves, verbal interventions, etc., which can have a stimulating effect on economic growth. The high volatility of the ruble now observed makes it extremely difficult for enterprises to plan and forecast, thereby making it impossible for the normal course of investment processes and expanded reproduction. In order to use monetary mechanisms to stimulate economic growth and eliminate the negative effects of current monetary policy (in particular, implemented since autumn 2014), a departure from inflation targeting and free floating of the ruble exchange rate is necessary. At the same time, it is obviously necessary to abandon many components or closely related elements (for example, “monetary contraction”). In addition, steps will be needed to stabilize the foreign exchange market, which would have positive effects (falling volatility, lower inflation, etc.). Under current conditions, with limited access to external financial resources, it is important to use mechanisms  for generating financial flows based on internal sources. In other words, the monetary base should be formed due to internal factors, and not depend on the dynamics of energy prices. In previous years, the main emphasis in the Russian economy was placed on the external sphere as a source of growth financing. Restricting access to external cheap financial resources (due to low oil prices, sanctions, etc.), as well as continuing geopolitical tensions with regard to Russia, reduce the possibilities for implementing longterm investment projects in the economy. This increases the relevance of national mechanisms and sources of formation of the resource base (including long) necessary to refinance previously taken loans, as well as to implement structural changes in the Russian economy.

DOI: 10.33917/es-1.167.2020.118-125

The article discusses the current problems of economic science, which should participate in the state goal-setting and strategic planning and should become a doctrine of the laws of production aimed at all-round development of a man. Moral principles should pervade the entire economy. In the 21st century special attention should be paid to the system of education and upbringing. To educate a new person, it is necessary to reconstruct society in accordance with its traditional foundations

The paper addresses the issue of forming an intelligent digital infrastructure for managing the country’s economy in special conditions: global disasters, catastrophes and emergencies. The experience of creating large information systems for managing the country’s economy in a special period is evaluated. The convergent approach for creating the required system for management support is proposed. It is shown that under these conditions, high management efficiency can be achieved on the basis of special support for self-organization processes and anti-collapse self-adjusting integration of information system segments and intelligent services that are adaptable to conditions of a known, predictable and unknown nature. At the same time, the integration of network infrastructures involves the distributed processing and storage of data based on interaction and integration of various network environments, which allows to achieve previously unattainable reliability, stability and recoverability of economic management.

Authors propose a new idea of the economic theory construction as a more systematic and reasonable. The authors divide the economics into five levels: nanoeconomics, microeconomics, mezoeconomics, macroeconomics and megaeconomics. Nanoeconomics is considered as economics of intellectual capital, intellectual property and innovations. Nanoeconomics is the systemic basis for all other economics, ensuing from it by meaning and substance. In the article there is noted the increasing significance of legal factor in modern economic theory and practice and, in particular, the IP law importance.