DOI: 10.33917/mic-5.112.2023.72-84

Considered the main provisions of international agreements that limit the use of such an energy resource as coal. The authors analyzed the real situation with the production, import and consumption of other types of energy resources, such as oil and gas, which has led to the fact that the volume of production and supply of coal in the Russian Federation to domestic and foreign (foreign) client markets is practically not reduced. According to the plan developed by the Government of the Russian Federation, the development of coal mining and the entire coal industry will develop in three stages until 2035. The tasks of the first stage are now being implemented. In addition to the further development of old fields, work will be carried out to find and develop new fields according to two development scenarios – conservative and optimistic. Both scenarios assume an increase in the volume of exported coal to those countries that are the main consumers of coal – the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of India. In 2023, the Republic of Turkey joined these countries, where coal imports are only 10% less than in the Republic of India and 45% less than in the People’s Republic of China. In order to increase the supply of coal to the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, it is planned to further develop the Baikal-Amur and Trans-Siberian Railways, as well as the construction of railway and water routes for the delivery of goods, including coal, along the North-South transport corridor to the seaport in Mumbai in the Republic of India. In addition, the Northern Sea Route from Murmansk to the ports of China will be developed. Consequently, the revenues of the federal budget of the Russian Federation from coal exports will not decrease, despite the promotion of Green Energy by foreign countries.

References: 

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DOI: 10.33917/es-3.189.2023.16-23

Economic-legal relations in organizing extraction and turnover of minerals was studied, typical economic strategies for organizations of the extractive sector of the economy were identified, effectiveness of implementing the portfolio strategies in the largest coal mining companies of Russia was shown, assessment of investments in the strategic innovation portfolio of an organization of the extractive sector of the Russian economy was proposed.

References:

1. Artov A.M., Laperdina T.G., Strizhova T.A., Khotuleva M.V., Chechetkin V.A., Perfil’eva E.V. Instrumenty strategicheskoi ekologicheskoi otsenki dlya planirovaniya razvitiya gornodobyvayushchei promyshlennosti v Rossii [Strategic Environmental Assessment Tools for Planning the Development of the Mining Industry in Russia]. Metodich. posobie. Moscow, Novokuznetsk, 2020, 132 p.

2. IM-EX.INFO. Informatsionno-analiticheskaya kompaniya [Sait], available at: http://imex.info/?_openstat=ZGlyZWN0LnlhbmRleC5ydTs2NTQ2OTY2MzsxMjQ3MDA2ODQxNzt5YW5kZXgucnU6cHJlbWl1bQ&yclid=6963604192633815039/

3. Petrenko I.E. Itogi raboty ugol’noi promyshlennosti Rossii za 2021 [The Results of the Work of the Coal Industry in Russia for 2021]. Ugol’, 2022, no 3, pp. 9–23.

4. OOO “El’gaugol” [Elgaugol LLC]. Integrum. Proverka kontragenta, available at: https://contragent.integrum.ru/ul/accounting/7550562.

5. Stolbova N.F., Isaeva E.R. Petrologiya uglei [Petrology of Coals]. Ucheb. Posobie. Tomskii politekhnicheskii universitet, Tomsk, Izd-vo Tomskogo politekhnicheskogo un-ta, 2013, 77 p.

6. Kholodov V.N. Tipy katageneticheskikh transformatsii v stratisfere i osadochnye poleznye iskopaemye [Types of Catagenetic Transformations in the Stratisphere and Sedimentary Minerals]. Uchenye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta, vol. 153, book 4. Kazan’, 2011, pp. 16–53.

7. Perechen’ investitsionnykh proektov, napravlennykh na realizatsiyu Programmy razvitiya ugol’noi promyshlennosti Rossii na period do 2035 goda. Prilozhenie 8 [List of Investment Projects Aimed at Implementing the Russian Coal Industry Development Program for the Period up to 2035. Appendix No. 8.]. Normativnye i sudebnye akty RF, available at: https://sudact.ru/law/rasporiazhenie-pravitelstva-rf-ot-13062020-n-1582-r/programma-razvitiia-ugolnoipromyshlennosti-

rossii/prilozhenie-n-8/

8. Ermakova N.M. Privlechenie inostrannykh investitsii v neftegazodobyvayushchuyu promyshlennost’ Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Attracting Foreign Investment in the Oil and Gas Industry of the Russian Federation]. Problemy rynochnoi ekonomiki, 2019, no 1, pp. 37–43.

9. Sirotkin S.A., Kel’chevskaya N.R. Ekonomicheskaya otsenka investitsionnykh proektov: Ucheb. dlya studentov vuzov, obuchayushchikhsya po spetsial’nosti “Ekonomika i upravlenie na predpriyatiyakh (po otraslyam)” [Economic Evaluation of Investment Projects: a Textbook for University Students Studying in the Specialty “Economics and Management at Enterprises (by industry)”]. 3-e izd., pererab. i dop. Moscow, Yuniti-Dana, 2011, 311 p.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-5.106.2022.69-78

The situation with unstable gas supply and energy supply in the EU has become more complicated in connection with the start of the military special operation of the Russian Federation in Ukraine, which has dramatically changed the situation with the energy supply in Europe. The EU predicts to reduce the consumption of Russian gas, while experiencing a shortage of gas.

Germany could use Nord Stream 2 gas, as former German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder called for in early August this year after his visit to Moscow. This step would solve Germany’s gas supply problems for a long period. However, the EU and Germany previously refused to use Nord Stream 2 for political reasons.

The situation changed radically when, on September 26, 2022, a sabotage was committed on the Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2 gas pipelines, as a result of which sections of gas pipes were torn off near the island of Bornholm (Denmark). As a result, one billion m3 of gas flows out of the pipes. Repair of ruptured pipes can take several months. Europe will remain in autumn and winter without Russian gas.

LNG will not be able to replace Russian gas due to the limited number of points for its reception, as well as the rise in the cost of LNG by 20-30% compared to pipeline Russian gas. In addition, until 2030, EU LNG imports will be limited due to insufficient LNG production capacities in the US and the world, as well as Asian countries’ competition in LNG consumption.

References:

1. Bloomfield H.C., Brayshaw D.J., Troccoli A., Goodess C.M., De Felice M., Dubus L., Bett P.E., Saint-Drenan Y.-M. Quantifying the sensitivity of european power systems to energy scenarios and climate change projections, Renewable Energy, Volume 164, February 2021. pp. 1062-1075.

2. Frank Ch., Fiedler S., Crewell S. Balancing potential of natural variability and extremes in photovoltaic and wind energy production for European countries, Renewable Energy, Volume 163, January 2021. pp. 674-684.

3. Wang S., Tarroja B., Schell L., Samuelsen S. Determining cost-optimal approaches for managing excess renewable electricity in decarbonized electricity systems, Renewable Energy, Volume 178, November 2021. pp. 1187-1197.

4. Umerenkov E. There is gas, but not for you. URL: https://www.kp.ru/daily/27289/4427398/

5. Tikhonov S. Lost in prohibitions // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. August 11, 2022. P. 5. (In Russ.).

6. Alifirova E. New IEA forecast. URL: https://neftegaz.ru/news/finance/742705-novye-prognozy-mea-sokrashchenie-mirovogo-sprosa-na-gaz-v-2022-g-padenie-rossiyskikh-postavok-v-evro/

7. International Energy Agency (IEA) Quarterly Gas Market Report, July 5, 2022 (Gas Market Report, Q2-2022 including Global Gas Review 2021). URL: https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/cfd2441e-cd24-413f-bc9f-eb5ab7d82076/GasMarketReport%2CQ2-2022.pdf

8. Smil V. The use of fossil fuels has increased by 20% since the beginning of the century // Vedomosti. June 02, 2022. (In Russ.).

9. Kuzovkin A.I. Climate, the role of fuel and renewable energy sources. Microeconomics. 2022;3:28-37. (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.33917/es- 1.175.2021.14-21

The growth in primary energy consumption in 2019 by 1.3% was provided by renewable energy sources and natural gas, which together provided 75% of the increase. China in the period 2010–2020 held a leading position in the growth of demand for energy resources, but according to forecasts, India will join it in the current decade

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.169.2020.134-141

The article dwells on the topic of competition between coal and solar energy as types of fuel. The authors provide a comparison of the installed capacity of a virtual solar power station and an existing coal power station located within the land allotment of a coal mine. The development prospects of the coal industry in terms of thermal coal are shown.

In this article long-term trends of the energy market are viewed not from the point of view of supply and demand balance, as it is usually done, but exclusively analyzing quotations. Particular attention is paid to coal prices, which have been traced since 1834. The main conclusion is that there isn’t any shortage of raw materials on the planet, and the tendency of refusing mineral fuel in favor of renewable sources, if it is manifested in quotations — it will happen only in several decades. Much more important for price dynamics are big cycles of the business situation, on the basis of which a long-term forecast is made.