DOI: 10.33917/es-5.197.2024.121-129

The article examines the driving forces that created, on the basis of the final documents of the Locarno Conference of 1925, the “legal mechanism for ‘pushing’ Germany to the East”. The actors in this process were located not only in Germany itself, but primarily outside its borders. The first group included a number of representatives of the ruling circles of Germany, in particular Chancellor Hans Luther and Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann, as well as representatives of industrial and financial circles, led by the protégé of the thalassocratic bankers, the German financier Hjalmar Schacht. The second group should include a certain part of the ruling circles of England (Austen Chamberlain, Edgar Vincent D’Abernon, etc.), the USA (President Calvin Coolidge, etc.), and France (Prime Minister Aristide Briand, etc.). The most significant role was played by financiers — director of the Bank of England Montagu Collett Norman and director of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York Benjamin Strong.

References:

1. Mackinder H.J. Democratic Ideals and Reality. A Study in the Politics of Reconstruction. London, Constable and Company Ltd, 1919, 273 p.

2. Morozov S.V. K voprosu o sozdanii v 1925 g. pravovogo mekhanizma “podtalkivaniya” Germanii na Vostok [On the Issue of the Creation in 1925 of a

Legal Mechanism for “Pushing” Germany to the East]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2016, no 412, Noyabr’, p. 84–88, available at: http://

journals.tsu.ru/vestnik/&journal_page=archive&id=1482

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21. Times. August 12, 1925.

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.189.2023.118-131

Based on diplomatic documents, a detailed picture of driving oil product suppliers – the Soviet companies, Derop and Derunaft – out from the German market during 1933 is restored. Soviet intelligence materials prove that one of the inspirers of this process can be considered the major Anglo-Dutch oil tycoon Henry Deterding, who in the course of the alleged “crusade” against the USSR, among other things hoped to seize the Caucasian oil fields.

References:

1. Morozov S.V. K voprosu o roli neftyanogo faktora v evropeiskikh mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniyakh v techenie 1933–1935 gg.: VII chteniya, posvyashchennye pamyati R.L. Yavorskogo: Materialy Vserossiiskoi nauchnoi konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem[On the question of the role of the oil factor in European international relations during 1933–1935: VII readings dedicated to the memory of R.L. Yavorsky. Materials of the All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation]. Novokuznetsk, RIO KuzGPA, 2011, 288 p.

2. Morozov S.V. Khronika vytesneniya sovetskoi nefti s germanskogo rynka v techenie 1933 g.: IX chteniya, posvyashchennye pamyati R.L. Yavorskogo: Materialy Vserossiiskoi (s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem) nauchnoi konferentsii[Chronicle of the displacement of Soviet oil from the German market during 1933: IX readings dedicated to the memory of R.L. Yavorsky. Materials of the All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation]. Novokuznetsk, RIO KuzGPA, 2013, 320 p.

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5. Birkenfeld W. Der synthetische Treibstoff 1933–1945: Ein Beitrag zur nationalsozialistischen Wirtschafts- und Rüstungspolitik. Göttingen, Berlin, Frankfurt, Musterschmidt-Verlag, 1964, 278 p.

6. Teichert E. Autarkie und Grossraumwirtschaft in Deutschland 1930–1939: Aussenwirtschaftpolitische Konzeptionen zwischen Wirtschaftskriese und Zwseitem Weltkrieg. München, Oldenburg, 1984, 390 p.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-2.182.2022.108-115

The article examines the factor of oil, when some influential politicians and big businessmen, primarily in Great Britain, tried to use for their far-reaching goals the factual absence of the Weimar Republic’s own oil fields. Monopolization of oil supplies in the context of the implementation of the “legal mechanism for ‘pushing’ Germany to the East” made it possible to a certain extent to manage the foreign policy activity of the Hitlerite regime

Источники:

1. Morozov S.V. Pol’sko-chekhoslovatskie otnosheniya. 1933–1939. Chto skryvalos’ za “politikoi ravnoudalennosti” ministra Yu. Beka [Polish-Czechoslovak Relations. 1933–1939. What was Hidden Behind the “Policy of Equidistance” of Minister Yu. Beck]. Moscow, MGU im. M.V. Lomonosova, 2004, 528 p.

2. Morozov S.V. K voprosu o sekretnom pol’sko-germanskom dogovore 1934 g. [On the Issue of the Secret Polish-German Treaty of 1934]. Slavyanovedenie, 2005, no 5, pp. 35–53.

3. Morozov S.V. Iz dovoennogo dos’e [From the Pre-war Dossier]. Mezhdunarodnaya zhizn’, 2007, no 1–2, pp. 194–213.

4. Morozov S.V. K voprosu o sozdanii v 1925 g. pravovogo mekhanizma “podtalkivaniya” Germanii na Vostok [On the Question of Creating in 1925 a Legal Mechanism for “Pushing” Germany to the East]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2016, no 412, November, pp. 84–88, available at: http://journals.tsu.ru/vestnik/&journal_page=archive&id=1482.

5. Martirosyan A.B. Za kulisami myunkhenskogo sgovora. Kto privel voinu v SSSR [Behind the Scenes of the Munich  Collusion. Who Brought the War to the USSR]. Moscow, Veche, 2008, 608 p.

6. Versal’skii mirnyi dogovor [Versailles Peace Treaty]. Moscow, Litizdat NKID, 1925, 227 p.

7. Agenturnoe soobshchenie v INO OGPU pri SNK SSSR o peregovorakh kantslera Germanii Frantsa fon Papena v Parizhe o formirovanii zapadnoi voennoi koalitsii protiv SSSR [Intelligence Report to the INO OGPU Under the USSR Council of People’s Commissars About Negotiations of Eру German Chancellor Franz von Papen in Paris on Formation of the Western Military Coalition Against the USSR]. Prezidentskaya biblioteka imeni B.N. El’tsina, available at: https://www.prlib.ru/catalog/52995?page=3

8. Dokumenty vneshnei politiki SSSR [Documents of the USSR Foreign Policy]. T. XVI. Moscow, Gospolitizdat, 1970, 920 p.

9. Teichova A. An Economic Background to Munich. L., Cambridge University Press, 1974, 422 p.

10. Colvin J. Vansittart in Office. An historical Survey of the Origins of the Second World War based on the papers of Sir Robert Vansittart, Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, 1930–1938. L.: V Gollancz, 1965. 360 p.

11. Ickes H.L. The Secret Diaries of Harold L. Ickes. Vol. 1. 1933–1936. N. Y., Simon & Schuster, 1953, 738 p.

12. Mackinder H.J. The Geographical Pivot of History. Geographical Journal, 1904, vol. 23, N 4, pp. 421–437.

13. Mackinder H.J. Democratic Ideals and Reality: a study in the politics of reconstruction. L., Constable and Company, 1919, 286 p.

More than eighty years have passed since the ruling elite of England, France, Italy, Germany, and Czechoslovakia signed the Munich Agreement — a treaty that destroyed the integrity of Czechoslovakia. In the era of the “post-archive revolution of the 1990s” emergence in the scientific circulation of new, previously unknown documents has caused a new round of interest to this event among historians and the public.

Among the most famous collections of archival documents of сonsiderable interest to researchers of national history of the Soviet period, there is the so-called personal archive of I.V. Stalin. Currently, these documents are stored in the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History. The author analyzes the documents, “confiscated with the help of agents” from A.I. Guchkov, on the history of the German-Polish-Japan coalition and its plans against the Soviet Union.